MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO GENOME ANALYSIS IN THE DIPLOID SPECIES, THINOPYRUM-BESSARABICUM AND TH-ELONGATUM (LOPHOPYRUM-ELONGATUM), OF THE TRITICEAE
MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO GENOME ANALYSIS IN THE DIPLOID SPECIES, THINOPYRUM-BESSARABICUM AND TH-ELONGATUM (LOPHOPYRUM-ELONGATUM), OF THE TRITICEAE
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00226755
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发表时间：
1990-01-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
JAUHAR, PP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
JAUHAR, PP
小麦科的 J 和 E 基因组物种是耐盐性的宝贵来源。关于二倍体Thinopyrum bessarabicum J 基因组和二倍体Th 的E 基因组的系统相关性的证据。讨论了 elongatum（= Lophopyrum elongatum）。 J和E在不同倍性水平上的染色体配对水平较低，抑制同源配对的Ph1配对调节对J-E配对的抑制，二倍体杂种（JE）的完全不育，两个基因组的核型分歧，异染色质沿其染色体的总含量和分布的差异，以及麦醇溶蛋白、同工酶、5S DNA和rDNA的显着差异表明J和E是不同的基因组。已经在两个基因组中鉴定出明确的生化标记，并且可能在植物育种中有用。 J和E之间的区别程度与普遍接受的小麦同源基因组A、B和D之间的区别程度相当。 因此，J和E基因组是同源的，而不是同源的，尽管一些工作人员仍然称它们为同源的。以前的工作人员关于二倍体杂种中染色体配对和/或常规染色染色体中的核型差异的数据并没有为J和E基因组（以及Thinopyrum属和Lophopyrum属）的拟议合并以及一般性地建立基因组关系提供足够的证据。在更改已建立的基因组的名称以及合并两个属之前，应采取额外的预防措施。提出了整个小麦科的统一、标准化的基因组命名系统，这应该有利于细胞遗传学家、植物育种家、分类学家和进化论者。
The J and E genome species of the Triticeae are invaluable sources of salt tolerance. The evidence concerning the phyletic relatedness of the J genome of diploid Thinopyrum bessarabicum and the E genome of diploid Th. elongatum (= Lophopyrum elongatum) is discussed. Low level of chromosome pairing between J and E at different ploidy levels, suppression of J-E pairing by the Ph1 pairing regulatory that inhibits homoeologous pairing, complete sterility of the diploid hybrids (JE), karyotypic divergence of the two genomes, differences in total content and distribution of heterochromatin along their chromosomes, and marked differences in gliadin proteins, isozymes, 5S DNA, and rDNA indicate that J and E are distinct genomes. Well-defined biochemical markers have been identified in the two genomes and may be useful in plant breeding. The level of distinction between J and E is comparable to that among the universally accepted homoeologous genomes A, B and D of wheat. Therefore, the J and E genomes are homoeologous and not homologous, although some workers continue to call them homologous. The previous workers'' data on chromosome pairing in diploid hybrids and/or karyotypic differences in the conventionally stained chromosomes do not provide sufficient evidence for the proposed merger of J and E genomes (and, hence, of the genera Thinopyrum and Lophopyrum) specifically and for establishing genome relationships generally. Extra precautions should be exercised before changing the designation of an established genome and before merging two genera. A uniform, standardized system of genomic nomenclature for the entire Triticeae is proposed, which should benefit cytogeneticists, plant breeders, taxonomists, and evolutionists.