Mechanism of silica–lysozyme composite formation unravelled by in situ fast SAXS

Mechanism of silica–lysozyme composite formation unravelled by in situ fast SAXS
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原位快速 SAXS 揭示二氧化硅-溶菌酶复合物形成机制

DOI:
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
L. Benning
L. Benning
中科院分区:
材料科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
T. Stawski;Daniela B. van den Heuvel;R. Besselink;D. Tobler;L. Benning

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定量了解无机纳米颗粒(NPs)与蛋白质在水介质中形成复合体的聚集机制对胶体化学具有重要意义。尤其是二氧化硅(SiO_2)纳米颗粒与溶菌酶(LZM)之间的相互作用引起了人们的关注,因为LZM在保持其酶活性的同时,对二氧化硅纳米颗粒具有很强的吸附作用。导致NP-LZM复合材料的聚集过程的固有性质包括从几个纳米到至少数百纳米的长度尺度的结构变化,但也包括远小于一秒的时间尺度。为了解释这些,我们使用了基于同步加速器的原位小角X射线散射(SAXS),并在50ms/帧(20fps)的时间分辨率下跟踪了溶液中微妙的粒子间相互作用。我们发现,如果二氧化硅纳米颗粒(直径约5 nm)的尺寸与LZM的尺寸相匹配,则演变的散射图案包含来自LZM的独特的结构因素贡献。我们开发了一个散射模型,并将其应用于分析这种结构函数,这使得我们能够提取关于溶菌酶分子在聚集过程中变形的结构信息,以及推导出复合形成的机制。
A quantitative understanding of aggregation mechanisms leading to the formation of composites of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and proteins in aqueous media is of paramount interest for colloid chemistry. In particular, the interactions between silica (SiO2) NPs and lysozyme (LZM) have attracted attention, because LZM is well-known to adsorb strongly to silica NPs, while at the same time preserving its enzymatic activity. The inherent nature of the aggregation processes leading to NP–LZM composites involves structural changes at length scales from few to at least hundreds of nanometres but also time scales much smaller than one second. To unravel these we used in situ synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and followed the subtle interparticle interactions in solution at a time resolution of 50 ms/frame (20 fps). We show that if the size of silica NPs (ca. 5 nm diameter) is matched by the dimensions of LZM, the evolving scattering patterns contain a unique structure-factor contribution originating from the presence of LZM. We developed a scattering model and applied it to analyse this structure function, which allowed us to extract structural information on the deformation of lysozyme molecules during aggregation, as well as to derive the mechanisms of composite formation.
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