Diet‐mediated immune response to parasitoid attacks on a caterpillar with a broad diet breadth
Diet‐mediated immune response to parasitoid attacks on a caterpillar with a broad diet breadth
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DOI：
10.1111/een.13148
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发表时间：
2022-04
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
D. Vyas;Shannon M. Murphy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Vyas;Shannon M. Murphy
自下而上(植物)和自上而下(天敌)的营养因素可以相互作用，对食草动物的饮食广度产生重大影响。对于遭受寄生蜂攻击的草食性昆虫来说，食物组成可以调节昆虫对寄生蜂的免疫反应。然而，免疫反应是昂贵的，昆虫食草动物在免疫防御和其他生理过程的投资之间经历了权衡。我们使用分裂幼虫的实验室实验来探索秋季网虫(美国白蛾)的饮食如何影响幼虫的生长和适应能力以及对寄生蜂攻击的细胞免疫反应。我们用四种不同的植物饲料(苹果、赤杨、Chokecherry、棉杨)饲养幼虫，然后将它们暴露在来自寄生虫攻击的免疫挑战中。我们发现，饮食影响幼虫的发育和免疫反应的参数。在导致发育最差的植物上饲养的幼虫的粒细胞也最少，含有寄生蜂幼虫的几率最高。然而，幼虫的生长并不是免疫反应的预测指标。总体而言，我们表明，自下而上的食物变异性效应对昆虫的免疫反应有显著影响，因此幼虫在摄食不同的饲料植物物种时，适应能力有很大的差异。广泛的饮食范围可能会为食草性昆虫提供机会，根据自上而下的压力的严重程度，开发不同的资源。在这里，我们表明，植物质量的这种变异性也对幼虫的免疫反应有重大影响。
Bottom‐up (plant) and top‐down (natural enemy) trophic factors can interact to have significant influence on the diet breadth of herbivores. For herbivorous insects that are victim to parasitoid attacks, diet composition can modulate insect immune responses against the parasitoid. However, immune responses are costly and insect herbivores experience a trade‐off between investment in immune defences and other physiological processes. We used a split‐brood laboratory experiment to explore how the diet of the fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea), a species that eats over 400 plant species, affects larval growth and fitness and cellular immune response to attacks from a parasitic wasp. We reared larvae on four different plant diets (apple, alder, chokecherry, cottonwood) and then exposed them to an immune challenge from a parasitoid attack. We found that diet influenced larval development as well as parameters indicative of immune response. Larvae reared on the plant that led to the poorest development also had the fewest granulocytes and the highest odds of containing a parasitoid larva. However, larval growth was not a predictor of immune response. Overall, we show that the bottom‐up effect of diet variability has significant impacts on insect immune response such that larval fitness varies considerably when fed different dietary plant species. Broad diet ranges may offer herbivorous insects the opportunity to exploit a different set of resources depending on the severity of top‐down pressures. Here, we show that this variability in plant quality also has significant impacts on larval immune response.