Development and Accuracy Assessment of a High-Precision Dual-Axis Pre-Commercial Solar Tracker for Concentrating Photovoltaic Modules
Development and Accuracy Assessment of a High-Precision Dual-Axis Pre-Commercial Solar Tracker for Concentrating Photovoltaic Modules
复制标题
用于聚光光伏组件的高精度双轴预商用太阳能跟踪器的开发和精度评估
作者：
Marthoz Angulo;I. Salgado;Iván Trejo;Carlos Paredes;Sajjad Kesthkar;A. Díaz
近几十年来，太阳能跟踪系统（STSs）发展的进步导致了聚光太阳能技术，以提高其能量转换效率。然而，这些系统仍有改进性能和降低制造成本的机会。本文介绍了一种技术成熟度为7-8的高精度双轴太阳跟踪系统的设计、构造和评价。该系统由低成本的Arduino板在闭环控制中使用微机电太阳能传感器进行控制。实时跟踪实验分别在晴空、部分阴天和大部分阴天进行。使用国际电工委员会（IEC） 62817标准的测试程序，在操作环境中评估太阳能跟踪精度。采用校正后的数字太阳传感器测量的晴天总平均瞬时太阳跟踪误差为0.37°，采用先进的针孔投影系统测量的误差为0.52°。同样，总平均报告的太阳跟踪精度在晴天为0.390°，在部分阴天为0.536°。给出了以传统光伏板系统和典型聚光光伏组件为有效载荷的年发电量分析。模拟显示，与固定面板相比，具有双轴跟踪的平板面板的发电量增加了37.5%。以CPV系统为例，首先进行了射线追踪研究，确定了偏差系数，然后估算了年发电量。开发的STS允许CPV模块至少达到其标称能量转换效率的90%。
In recent decades, advances in the development of solar tracking systems (STSs) have led to concentrating solar technologies to increase their energy conversion efficiency. These systems, however, still have areas of opportunity or improving their performance and reducing their manufacturing costs. This paper presents the design, construction and evaluation of a high-precision dual-axis solar tracking system with a technology readiness level of 7–8. The system is controlled by a low-cost Arduino board in a closed-loop control using a micro-electromechanical solar sensor. Real-time tracking experiments were performed under a clear sky as well as during partly and mostly cloudy days. Solar tracking accuracy was evaluated in an operational environment using test procedures adapted from the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 62817 standard. The total mean instantaneous solar tracking error on a clear day measured with a calibrated digital solar sensor was 0.37° and 0.52° with a developed pinhole projection system. Similarly, the total mean reported solar tracking accuracy achieved was 0.390° on a sunny day and 0.536° on a partially cloudy day. An annual power generation analysis considering a conventional photovoltaic (PV) panel system and a typical concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) module as payloads was also presented. Simulations showed an increase in the generation of up to 37.5% for a flat panel with dual-axis tracking versus a fixed panel. In the case of the CPV system, first, a ray tracing study was implemented to determine the misalignment coefficient, then the annual power generation was estimated. The developed STS allowed the CPV modules to reach at least 90% of their nominal energy conversion efficiency.