Periodic mesoporous organosilicas with organic groups inside the channel walls
Periodic mesoporous organosilicas with organic groups inside the channel walls
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作者：
Asefa, T;MacLachlan, MJ;Ozin, GA
表面活性剂介导的合成方法已经引起了人们对无机介孔材料的生产的极大兴趣，该无机介孔材料可以在去除表面活性剂模板后将聚合物、有机物、无机物和有机金属“客体”引入其孔中（1，2）。这些材料最初由二氧化硅（3-5）制成，但现在也可以以其他氧化物（6-9），硫化物（10，11），磷酸盐（12）和金属（13）的形式获得-可以在催化，吸附和传感技术到纳米电子学等领域中找到应用。将表面活性剂介导的合成扩展到生产无机-有机杂化材料（即含有有机基团作为其框架结构组成部分的材料），有望获得更广泛的应用可能性。这种杂化材料已经以无定形硅酸盐（干凝胶）的形式生产，其确实显示出不同于单个组分（14-20）的独特性质，但是它们具有宽孔径分布的随机网络严重限制了这些材料的形状和尺寸选择性。已经合成了具有周期性骨架的介孔杂化材料，但是有机基团全部末端键合到孔表面，而不是结合到孔壁中（21-26）。在这里，我们描述了一个周期性的介孔有机硅含有桥键乙烯基团直接集成到二氧化硅框架。我们能够溶剂萃取和离子交换的表面活性剂模板，以创建一个稳定的和周期性的介孔乙烯二氧化硅具有高的比表面积和乙烯基团，易于进行化学反应。最近类似的周期性介孔有机二氧化硅的合成（27，28）和结合各种桥接有机和有机金属物质的能力提高了能够融合有机合成和无机材料化学以产生具有有趣的化学、机械电子、光学和磁性的新材料的前景。
Surfactant-mediated synthesis methods have attracted much interest for the production of inorganic mesoporous materials, which can, on removal of the surfactant template, incorporate polymeric, organic, inorganic and organometallic 'guests' in their pores(1,2). These materials-initially made of silica(3-5), but now also available in the form of other oxides(6-9), sulphides(10,11), phosphates(12) and metals(13)-could find application in fields ranging from catalysis, adsorption and sensing technology to nanoelectronics. The extension of surfactant-mediated synthesis to produce inorganic-organic hybrid material (that is, materials that contain organic groups as an integral part of their framework structure) promises access to an even wider range of application possibilities. Such hybrid materials have been produced in the form of amorphous silicates (xerogels) that indeed display unique properties different to those of the individual components(14-20), but their random networks with broad pore-size distributions severely limit the shape and size selectivity of these materials. Mesoporous hybrid materials with periodic frameworks have been synthesized, but the organic groups are all terminally bonded to the pore surface, rather than incorporated into the pore walls(21-26). Here we describe a periodic mesoporous organosilica containing bridge-bonded ethene groups directly integrated into the silica framework. We are able to solvent-extract and ion-exchange the surfactant templates to create a stable and periodic mesoporous ethenesilica with high surface area and ethene groups that are readily accessible for chemical reaction. Recent syntheses of similar periodic mesoporous organosilicas(27,28) and the ability to incorporate a variety of bridging organic and organometallic species raise the prospect of being able to fuse organic synthesis and inorganic materials chemistry to generate new materials with interesting chemical, mechanical electronic, optical and magnetic properties.