DYNAMICS OF A STRESSFUL ENCOUNTER - COGNITIVE APPRAISAL, COPING, AND ENCOUNTER OUTCOMES
DYNAMICS OF A STRESSFUL ENCOUNTER - COGNITIVE APPRAISAL, COPING, AND ENCOUNTER OUTCOMES
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.50.5.992
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发表时间：
1986-05-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
GRUEN, RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FOLKMAN, S;LAZARUS, RS;GRUEN, RJ
尽管应对被认为是心理和躯体健康结果的一个重要因素，但人们对实际的应对过程、影响它们的变量以及它们与人们在日常生活中经历的压力遭遇的结果的关系知之甚少。本研究以社区成年人为样本，对初级评价(遭遇中的利害关系)、次级评价(应对方式)、以问题和情绪为中心的八种应对方式以及遭遇结果之间的相互关系进行了个体内分析。应对与认知评估密切相关；所使用的应对形式因利害关系和应对选择而异。应对方式与满意和不满意的遭遇结果也有不同的关系。这些发现阐明了评价和应对变量与压力遭遇的结果之间的函数关系。
Despite the importance that is attributed to coping as a factor in psychological and somatic health outcomes, little is known about actual coping processes, the variables that influence them, and their relation to the outcomes of the stressful encounters people experience in their day-to-day lives. This study uses an intraindividual analysis of the interrelations among primary appraisal (what was at stake in the encounter), secondary appraisal (coping options), eight forms of problem-and emotion-focused coping, and encounter outcomes in a sample of community-residing adults. Coping was strongly related to cognitive appraisal; the forms of coping that were used varied depending on what was at stake and the options for coping. Coping was also differentially related to satisfactory and unsatisfactory encounter outcomes. The findings clarify the functional relations among appraisal and coping variables and the outcomes of stressful encounters.