Social inequalities in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems in the study countries of the EU concerted action 'gender, culture and alcohol problems: A multi-national study
Social inequalities in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems in the study countries of the EU concerted action 'gender, culture and alcohol problems: A multi-national study
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DOI：
10.1093/alcalc/agl073
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Gmel, Gerhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bloomfield, Kim;Grittner, Ulrike;Gmel, Gerhard
目的：我们调查了存在的社会不平等的酒精使用和滥用的教育程度作为一个指标的社会经济地位在15个国家：瑞典，挪威，芬兰，德国，荷兰，瑞士，匈牙利，捷克共和国，以色列，巴西和墨西哥。方法：研究调查独立进行，数据集中分析。大多数样本是全国性的。调查方式和样本量各不相同。年龄范围限于25至59岁。社会经济地位以教育水平衡量。采用多元Logistic回归分析计算每个国家男性和女性受教育水平与当前饮酒状况、重度饮酒（女性每天>= 20 g乙醇，男性每天>= 30 g）、重度间歇性（狂欢）饮酒和酒精相关问题（使用AUDIT）的年龄调整优势比。结果：在一个国家内，男性和女性在当前饮酒状况方面表现出类似的不平等模式。在德国、荷兰、法国、瑞士和奥地利，受教育程度较高的女性最有可能酗酒，而在大多数国家，受教育程度较低的男性更有可能酗酒。对于偶尔大量饮酒，妇女之间几乎没有明显的差异，但对于男子来说，在几个国家，受教育程度较低的人风险更大，可以观察到社会梯度。在五个国家的审计数据中，芬兰，捷克共和国和匈牙利的教育程度较低的男性报告问题的风险较高。北欧国家和两个拉丁美洲国家在社会不平等方面有共同的模式，而中欧国家的情况则喜忧参半。这两个拉丁美洲国家的社会不平等现象显示了其他关于发展中国家的研究中出现的一种模式：即受教育程度较高的群体更有可能以危险的方式饮酒。结论：社会不平等的分布模式并不普遍。酒精使用方面的社会不平等因性别而异，这取决于所使用的酒精衡量标准，在不同国家组之间也存在差异。在制定国际和跨文化酒精政策时，应考虑到这些差异。
Aims: We investigated the presence of social inequalities of alcohol use and misuse using educational attainment as an indicator of socio-economic status in 15 countries: Sweden, Norway, Finland, Germany, The Netherlands, Switzerland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Israel, Brazil, and Mexico. Methods: Study surveys were independently conducted and the data centrally analysed. Most samples were national. Survey modes and sample sizes varied. The age range was restricted to between 25 and 59 years of age. Socio-economic status was measured by educational level. Multiple logistic regressions were employed to calculate age-adjusted odds ratios for men and women in each country by educational level for current drinking status, heavy drinking (>= 20 g ethanol per day for women, >= 30 g a day for men), heavy episodic (binge) drinking, and alcohol-related problems (using AUDIT). Results: Men and women demonstrated similar patterns in inequalities with regard to current drinking status within a country. In Germany, The Netherlands, France, Switzerland, and Austria higher educated women were most likely to drink heavily, while among men the lower educated were more at risk in most countries. For heavy episodic drinking, almost no significant differences were evident among women, but for men a social gradient was observable with lower educated being more at risk in several countries. Among five countries with data from the AUDIT, men of lower education in Finland, Czech Republic, and Hungary had higher risks to report problems. Nordic countries shared a common pattern in social inequalities as did two Latin American countries, while a mixed picture was observed for middle European countries. Social inequalities in the two Latin American countries display a pattern emerging in other research on developing countries: namely that those in the higher educated groups are more likely to consume alcohol in a risky manner. Conclusions: Patterns in the distribution of social inequalities are not universal. Social inequalities in alcohol use differ by gender according to alcohol measure used and differ also across groups of countries. These variations should be taken into account when formulating international and cross-cultural alcohol policies.