Temperature Influences the Handling Efficiency of an Aphid Parasitoid Through Body Size-Mediated Effects
Temperature Influences the Handling Efficiency of an Aphid Parasitoid Through Body Size-Mediated Effects
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DOI：
10.1603/en11018
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发表时间：
2011-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gi-Mick Wu;Gi-Mick Wu;Maryse Barrette;Maryse Barrette;Guy Boivin;Guy Boivin;Jacques Brodeur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gi-Mick Wu;Gi-Mick Wu;Maryse Barrette;Maryse Barrette;Guy Boivin;Guy Boivin;Jacques Brodeur
摘要 众所周知，环境温度的升高会提高新陈代谢率，从而提高大多数昆虫的觅食率。然而，昆虫未成熟阶段经历的温度会影响其成年体型（反比关系）。由于体型通常与觅食成功相关，因此我们假设温度通过发育效应间接影响成年昆虫的觅食效率。我们首先研究了拟寄生物：寄主体型比例对蚜虫（Viereck）（膜翅目：茧蜂科）处理时间的作用，然后测试了未成熟发育过程中温度升高会增加成虫处理时间的预测。正如预期的那样，寄生蜂处理大型蚜虫比处理小型蚜虫需要更长的时间。然而，除攻击大型（成虫）蚜虫外，大型寄生蜂的处理时间并不比小型寄生蜂短。发育温度对寄生蜂具有预测的影响：在 25°C 下饲养的个体比在 15°C 下饲养的昆虫要小。在 15°C 下饲养的寄生蜂对一龄蚜虫和成虫的处理时间相似，而在 25°C 下饲养的寄生蜂处理成虫的时间比对一龄蚜虫的处理时间更长。温度通过发育对寄生蜂效率产生的大小介导的影响与更常见的温度通过代谢率的直接影响相反。我们的结论是，温度对觅食昆虫的净影响将取决于其对未成熟阶段和成虫阶段的相对影响。
ABSTRACT It is well known that increasing the ambient temperature increases the metabolic rate and consequently, the foraging rate of most insects. However, temperature experienced during the immature stages of insects affects their adult size (an inverse relationship). Because body size is generally correlated to foraging success, we hypothesized that temperature indirectly influences the foraging efficiency of adult insects through developmental effects. We first investigated the role of parasitoid: host body size ratio on the handling time of Aphidius colemani (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), then tested the prediction that increasing temperature during immature development increases the handling time of adults. As expected, parasitoids took longer to handle large aphids than small aphids. However, large parasitoids did not have shorter handling times than small parasitoids except when attacking large (adult) aphids. Developmental temperature had the predicted effect on parasitoids: Individuals reared at 25°C were smaller than those insects reared at 15°C. Parasitoids reared at 15°C had similar short handling times for both first instar and adult aphids, whereas parasitoids reared at 25°C took longer to handle adult aphids than first instar aphids. The size-mediated effect of temperature through development on parasitoid efficiency was opposite to the more familiar direct effect of temperature through metabolic rate. We conclude that the net effect of temperature on foraging insects will depend on its relative influence on immature and adult stages.