One-year-old infants use teleological representations of actions productively
One-year-old infants use teleological representations of actions productively
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DOI：
10.1207/s15516709cog2701_4
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Gergely, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Csibra, G;Bíró, S;Gergely, G
两项实验研究了婴儿是否以一种能够让他们对未观察到的情况（比如未看到的目标状态或被遮挡的障碍物）进行推断的方式来表征他人的目标导向行为。我们通过测量注视时间来评估婴儿在感知到电脑动画人物的行为变化或此类行为的情境变化时其预期被违背的情况。第一项实验测试婴儿是否会将一个目标归属于一个他们没有看到完成的行为。第二项实验测试婴儿是否会从一个观察到的行为推断出存在一个作为障碍物的被遮挡物体。12个月大的婴儿的注视时间模式表明他们能够做出这两种类型的推断，而9个月大的婴儿在这两项任务中都失败了。这些结果表明，在生命的第一年结束时，婴儿不仅运用合理行为原则来解释和预测目标导向行为，而且还对其情境中未看到的方面进行有效的推断。我们讨论了在从9个月到12个月大的发展变化中，在目的论行为表征中推断假设的（未看到的）情况的能力所涉及的潜在机制。（C）2002认知科学学会，版权所有。
Two experiments investigated whether infants represent goal-directed actions of others in a way that allows them to draw inferences to unobserved states of affairs (such as unseen goal states or occluded obstacles). We measured looking times to assess violation of infants' expectations upon perceiving either a change in the actions of computer-animated figures or in the context of such actions. The first experiment tested whether infants would attribute a goal to an action that they had not seen completed. The second experiment tested whether infants would infer from an observed action the presence of an occluded object that functions as an obstacle. The looking time patterns of 12-month-olds indicated that they were able to make both types of inferences, while 9-month-olds failed in both tasks. These results demonstrate that, by the end of the first year of life, infants use the principle of rational action not only for the interpretation and prediction of goal-directed actions, but also for making productive inferences about unseen aspects of their context. We discuss the underlying mechanisms that may be involved in the developmental change from 9 to 12 months of age in the ability to infer hypothetical (unseen) states of affairs in teleological action representations. (C) 2002 Cognitive Science Society, Inc. All rights reserved.