Interplay between adipose tissue and blood vessels in obesity and vascular dysfunction
Interplay between adipose tissue and blood vessels in obesity and vascular dysfunction
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DOI：
10.1007/s11154-012-9230-8
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Xu, Aimin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gu, Ping;Xu, Aimin
脂肪组织和血管之间存在密切的解剖学和功能关系。这两个器官之间的串扰对于代谢和血管稳态都是至关重要的。一方面，脂肪组织是高度血管化的，并且维持充足的血流供应对于脂肪组织的扩张和代谢功能都是必不可少的。血管内皮还分泌多种因子调节脂肪生成和脂肪组织重塑。另一方面，几乎所有的血管都被血管周围脂肪组织（PVAT）所包围，其通过产生大量的“血管分泌”分子来调节血管功能。在正常情况下，PVAT通过释放血管舒张剂（如脂肪细胞衍生的舒张因子和脂联素）发挥其抗收缩作用，所述血管舒张剂促进血管的内皮依赖性和非依赖性舒张。然而，肥胖症中的PVAT变得高度发炎，并通过血管收缩因子（如肾素-血管紧张素原-醛固酮系统的主要组分和过氧化物）和促炎脂肪因子（如TNF-α和脂肪细胞脂肪酸结合蛋白）的分泌增加而诱导血管功能障碍，后者是内皮活化、血管炎症和新生内膜形成的重要贡献者。此外，一些脂肪细胞衍生的脂肪因子通过在脑中作用以激活交感神经系统（如瘦素）或通过在主要代谢器官中发挥其作用以诱导血管胰岛素抵抗而间接损害血管功能，这反过来又加重内皮功能障碍。脂肪组织中脂肪因子和其他血管活性因子的异常分泌是肥胖相关代谢和血管并发症的发生和进展的主要原因。
There is a close anatomical and functional relationship between adipose tissue and blood vessels. The crosstalk between these two organs is vital to both metabolic and vascular homeostasis. On the one hand, adipose tissue is highly vascularized, and maintenance of ample supply of blood flow is essential for both expansion and metabolic functions of adipose tissue. Vascular endothelium also secretes many factors to regulate adipogenesis and adipose tissue remodeling. On the other hand, almost all blood vessels are surrounded by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), which regulates vascular function by producing a large number of "vasocrine" molecules. Under the normal conditions, PVAT exerts its anti-contractile effects by release of vasorelaxants (such as adipocyte-derived relaxation factors and adiponectin) that promote both endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations of blood vessels. However, PVAT in obesity becomes highly inflamed and induces vascular dysfunction by augmented secretion of vasoconstriction factors (such as the major components of renin-angiotensinogen-aldosterone system and superoxide) and pro-inflammatory adipokines (such as TNF-alpha and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein), the latter of which are important contributors to endothelial activation, vascular inflammation and neointimal formation. Furthermore, several adipocyte-derived adipokines impair vascular function indirectly, by acting in the brain to activate sympathetic nerve system (such as leptin) or by exerting their actions in major metabolic organs to induce vascular insulin resistance, which in turn aggravates endothelial dysfunction. Aberrant secretion of adipokines and other vasoactive factors in adipose tissue is a major contributor to the onset and progression of obesity-related metabolic and vascular complications.