Basic urban services fail to neutralise environmental determinants of 'rattiness', a composite metric of rat abundance
Basic urban services fail to neutralise environmental determinants of 'rattiness', a composite metric of rat abundance
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11252-023-01481-2
复制
发表时间：
2023-12-12
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Begon，Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carvalho-Pereira，Ticiana;Eyre，Max T.;Begon，Michael
在全球范围内，低收入城市社区受到服务提供不足和环境退化的影响，这有利于老鼠等机会性人畜共患病宿主。在这些情况下，大规模的基础设施改善是有限的，但有时实现了有针对性的疾病控制。有针对性地控制老鼠的一个起点是评估现有基本服务对老鼠数量的影响。然而，对于大鼠丰度没有金标准度量，研究使用了不同或多种度量。因此，在这里，在四个低收入的巴西城市社区，我们解决的问题，是否基本的城市服务（巴士）-垃圾收集，灭鼠剂的应用和卫生社区代理访问-影响老鼠的丰度，通过第一次应用的therattinessmodeling框架。这种最近开发的地质统计学方法结合了多个丰度指标（在这里，三个）generatatattiness，代理大鼠丰度，一个空间连续的潜在过程共同的所有指标。在一项横断面研究中，我们利用BUS中的空间异质性来评估其与大鼠体征、轨道板上的大鼠标记、活捕大鼠以及结合了这三个不完美指标的withrattiness的相关性。比率被证明是一个有用的工具，汇集信息之间的三个指标，并与更大范围的基线预测比任何单一的指标。大鼠体征和躁动与高水平的BUS供应和已知为大鼠提供资源的环境变量呈正相关。基线环境变量与老鼠数量的密切联系突出了有针对性的小规模环境改造的必要性，以减少老鼠的资源。
Globally, low-income urban communities suffer from poor provision of services and degraded environments, favouring opportunistic zoonotic reservoirs, such as rats. Large-scale infrastructural improvements in these contexts are limited, but targeted control of disease reservoirs has sometimes been achieved. A starting point for the targeted control of rats is assessing the impact of existing basic services on rat abundance. However, there is no gold-standard metric for rat abundance, and studies have used different or multiple metrics. Here, therefore, in four low-income urban Brazilian communities, we address the question of whether basic urban services (BUS) – trash collection, rodenticide application and health community agent visits – affect rat abundance, through the first application of therattinessmodelling framework. This recently-developed geostatistical method combines multiple abundance metrics (here, three) to generaterattiness,a proxy for rat abundance, a spatially-continuous latent process common to all metrics. In a cross-sectional study, we exploited spatial heterogeneities in BUS to evaluate its association with the presence of rat signs, rat marks on track plates, and live-trapped rats, and withrattiness, which combined these three imperfect metrics. Rattinessproved to be a useful tool for pooling information among the three metrics and was associated with a greater range of baseline predictors than any single metric. Rat signs andrattinesswere positively associated with higher levels of BUS provision and environmental variables known to provide resources for rats. The strong association of baseline environmental variables with rat abundance highlights the need for targeted, small-scale environmental modifications to reduce resources for rats.