Energy and time determine scaling in biological and computer designs.
Energy and time determine scaling in biological and computer designs.
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能量和时间决定生物和计算机设计中的缩放比例。
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2015.0446
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Forrest,Stephanie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moses,Melanie;Bezerra,George;Edwards,Benjamin;Brown,James;Forrest,Stephanie
动物的新陈代谢率和计算机的耗电量是类似的量，它们的比例与大小相似。我们分析了哺乳动物的血管系统和微处理器的片上网络，其中自然选择和人类工程分别产生了最小化能量耗散和传递时间的系统。使用一个简单的网络模型，同时最大限度地减少能源和时间，我们的分析解释了经验观察到的趋势，在哺乳动物的代谢率和功耗和性能的微处理器在几个数量级的大小缩放。正如生物学中从单细胞到多细胞动物的进化转变与代谢缩放的变化有关一样，我们的模型表明，随着计算机设计过渡到分散的多核和分布式网络物理系统，功率和性能的缩放将发生变化。更一般地说，一个单一的能量-时间最小化原则可以支配许多复杂系统的设计，这些系统处理能量、材料和信息。
Metabolic rate in animals and power consumption in computers are analogous quantities that scale similarly with size. We analyse vascular systems of mammals and on-chip networks of microprocessors, where natural selection and human engineering, respectively, have produced systems that minimize both energy dissipation and delivery times. Using a simple network model that simultaneously minimizes energy and time, our analysis explains empirically observed trends in the scaling of metabolic rate in mammals and power consumption and performance in microprocessors across several orders of magnitude in size. Just as the evolutionary transitions from unicellular to multicellular animals in biology are associated with shifts in metabolic scaling, our model suggests that the scaling of power and performance will change as computer designs transition to decentralized multi-core and distributed cyber-physical systems. More generally, a single energy–time minimization principle may govern the design of many complex systems that process energy, materials and information.This article is part of the themed issue ‘The major synthetic evolutionary transitions’.