Enhancing Resilience of Bridges to Extreme Events by Rapid Damage Assessment and Response Strategies
Enhancing Resilience of Bridges to Extreme Events by Rapid Damage Assessment and Response Strategies
复制标题
通过快速损坏评估和响应策略增强桥梁对极端事件的抵御能力
DOI：
10.3141/2604-07
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
A. Alipour
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Alipour
美国公路交通网络由超过 650,000 座桥梁组成，这些桥梁对于维持网络的性能至关重要。然而，现有桥梁容易受到各种自然和人为（人为）危害的影响，一旦发生任何故障，可能会成为瓶颈。最常见的极端事件包括自然灾害，例如地震期间的地面激励、飓风期间的大风和风暴潮以及洪水期间的冲刷和碎片影响。尽管可用于设计新桥梁和改造现有桥梁的技术取得了一些进步，但在极端事件后桥梁部分或完全失效的事件仍然发生。在这种情况下，联邦、州和地方当局必须识别受损的桥梁，量化受损程度，制定快速恢复计划，并为应急响应和疏散活动提供替代路线。为此，NCHRP 综合主题 46-11 收集了有关可用于在极端事件后快速评估公路桥梁损坏的技术、交通机构和桥梁业主从这些技术中获得的数据的可用性、使用这些数据的决策工具或流程以及解决桥梁故障的应急计划协议的相关信息。本文总结了该项目的研究结果。
The U.S. highway transportation network consists of more than 650,000 bridges that are essential to maintaining the performance of the network. The existing bridges are, however, vulnerable to a variety of natural and manufactured (human-caused) hazards and may act as bottlenecks in the case of any failures. The most common extreme events include natural hazards, such as ground excitation during earthquakes, high wind and storm surges in hurricanes, and scouring and debris impacts during floods. Despite several advances in the technologies available for the design of new bridges and the retrofitting of existing ones, incidents in which bridges fail partially or completely after an extreme event still occur. In such cases, it is important for the federal, state, and local authorities to identify the damaged bridges, quantify the extent of the damage, plan for rapid recovery, and provide alternative routes for emergency response and evacuation activities. For this purpose, NCHRP Synthesis Topic 46-11 gathered the relevant information on the technologies available for the rapid assessment of damage to highway bridges after an extreme event, the availability of data from these techniques to transportation agencies and bridge owners, decision-making tools or processes that would use the data, and the emergency planning protocols in place to address the failures in bridges. This paper provides a summary of the findings of that project.