Ultrabithorax Is a Micromanager of Hindwing Identity in Butterflies and Moths
Ultrabithorax Is a Micromanager of Hindwing Identity in Butterflies and Moths
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DOI：
10.3389/fevo.2021.643661
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Tendolkar;A. Pomerantz;Christa Heryanto;P. Shirk;N. Patel;Arnaud Martin
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文献类型：
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作者：
A. Tendolkar;A. Pomerantz;Christa Heryanto;P. Shirk;N. Patel;Arnaud Martin
蝴蝶和蛾（鳞翅目）的前翅和后翅是相互区别的，具有节特异性的形态和颜色图案，介导了飞行，信号和保护的广泛功能。Hox基因Ultrabithorax（Ubx）是一个主选择基因，它在有翅昆虫中区分后胸和中胸的身份，以前的工作已经表明这种作用延伸到蝴蝶后翅的至少一些颜色图案。在这里，我们使用CRISPR靶向诱变在两种若虫蝴蝶（Junonia coenia，Vanessa cardui）和一种梨形蛾（Plodia interpunctella）中产生Ubx功能丧失体细胞突变。由此产生的马赛克克隆产生后翅到前翅的转换，显示UBX是必要的，指定许多方面的后翅特定的身份，包括鳞片形态，颜色图案，翅膀脉序和结构。这些同源异型表型表现出细胞自主，突变体和非突变体的规模之间的急剧转变，除了克隆侵入到边界ocelli（眼点），并导致复合和非自主的影响眼点环测定。在pyralid蛾，同源异型克隆转换的折叠和脱色后翅成刚性和色素的复合材料，影响翅耦合系带，并诱导异位气味鳞片在男性androconia。这些数据证实了Ubx是鳞翅目后翅身份的主选择者，并表明它作用于参与翅膀发育和图案形成的许多基因调控网络。
The forewings and hindwings of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are differentiated from each other, with segment-specific morphologies and color patterns that mediate a wide range of functions in flight, signaling, and protection. The Hox gene Ultrabithorax (Ubx) is a master selector gene that differentiates metathoracic from mesothoracic identities across winged insects, and previous work has shown this role extends to at least some of the color patterns from the butterfly hindwing. Here we used CRISPR targeted mutagenesis to generate Ubx loss-of-function somatic mutations in two nymphalid butterflies (Junonia coenia, Vanessa cardui) and a pyralid moth (Plodia interpunctella). The resulting mosaic clones yielded hindwing-to-forewing transformations, showing Ubx is necessary for specifying many aspects of hindwing-specific identities, including scale morphologies, color patterns, and wing venation and structure. These homeotic phenotypes showed cell-autonomous, sharp transitions between mutant and non-mutant scales, except for clones that encroached into the border ocelli (eyespots) and resulted in composite and non-autonomous effects on eyespot ring determination. In the pyralid moth, homeotic clones converted the folding and depigmented hindwing into rigid and pigmented composites, affected the wing-coupling frenulum, and induced ectopic scent-scales in male androconia. These data confirm Ubx is a master selector of lepidopteran hindwing identity and suggest it acts on many gene regulatory networks involved in wing development and patterning.