THE HEART AS A SUCTION PUMP
THE HEART AS A SUCTION PUMP
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DOI：
10.1038/scientificamerican0686-84
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发表时间：
1986-06-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
SONNENBLICK, EH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ROBINSON, TF;FACTOR, SM;SONNENBLICK, EH
在最早的机枪中，每发子弹射出后，必须手动将新的一发子弹旋入适当的位置，然后才能由枪的机械装置引爆。类似地，根据目前公认的人类心脏模型，在每次收缩之后，心脏保持被动，因为它被完全由静脉中的压力驱动的血液重新填充。我们提出了一个新的心脏功能模型。我们的模型类似于现代自动武器，其中一个弹药筒发射产生的力提供了加载下一轮所需的能量。在我们的模型中，每次心脏收缩或心肌收缩的一些能量储存在心脏中，然后为接下来的收缩或扩张提供动力。人的心脏有四个腔室，即左心房和右心房以及左心室和右心室（见第86页的插图）。当血液从身体（在右心房的情况下）或从肺（在左心房的情况下）返回时，心房收集血液。在舒张期，心房和心室之间的单向瓣膜打开，血液流入心室，充满心室。然后，在心脏收缩期间，心室收缩，关闭通向心房的瓣膜，并通过其他单向瓣膜将血液输送到肺（在右心室的情况下）或身体（在左心室的情况下）。目前公认的心脏功能模型主要来源于世纪末德国的奥托·弗兰克和后来的欧内斯特·H·哈勒（Ernest H.英格兰的Starling根据Frank-Starling定律，心室收缩传递给血液的能量，不受神经或激素的任何控制，与前一个心室末端的心室肌纤维的长度成正比。一旦收缩期收缩完成，随后的舒张期充盈是被动的。
In the earliest machine guns, after each bullet was fired a new round had to be cranked into place man ually before it could be set off by the gun's mechanism. Similarly, according to the currently accepted model of the human heart, after each contraction the heart remains passive as it is re filled by blood driven entirely by pres sure in the veins. We propose a new model of the heart's function. Our model is analogous to modern auto matic weapons, in which the force gen erated by the firing of one cartridge provides the energy needed to load the next round. In our model some of the energy of each systole, or contraction of the heart muscle, is stored in the heart and then powers the following diastole, or expansion. The human heart has four cham bers, the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles [see illustration on page 86]. The atria collect blood as it returns from the body (in the case of the right atrium) or from the lungs (in the case of the left atrium). During di astole one-way valves open between the atria and the ventricles and blood pours into the ventricles, filling them. Then, during systole, the ventricles contract, closing the valves to the atria and sending blood through other one way valves to the lungs (in the case of the right ventricle) or to the body (in the case of the left ventricle). The currently accepted model of the heart's function derives largely from work done near the end of the 19th century by Otto Frank in Germany and later by Ernest H. Starling in England. According to the Frank-Starling law, the energy imparted to the blood by the contraction of a ventricle, indepen dent of any control by nerves or hor mones, is proportional to the length of the ventricular muscle fibers at the end of the preceding diastole. Once systolic contraction is complete the subsequent diastolic filling is a passive