Impact of peanuts and tree nuts on body weight and healthy weight loss in adults
Impact of peanuts and tree nuts on body weight and healthy weight loss in adults
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/138.9.1741s
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Foster, Gray D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mattes, Richard D.;Kris-Etherton, Penny M.;Foster, Gray D.
坚果（地面和树）是多种营养素的丰富来源，其消费与健康益处有关，包括降低心血管疾病风险。这促使人们建议增加其消费量。然而，它们也富含脂肪（尽管很大程度上是不饱和的），并且能量密度高。这些属性之间的关联，积极的能量平衡，和体重提出了这样的建议的问题，这个问题是通过审查有关坚果消费和能量平衡之间的关联的文献，流行病学研究文件之间的负相关坚果消费的频率和BMI。临床试验表明，在1-6个月的饮食中加入各种类型的坚果，体重几乎没有变化。机制研究表明，这在很大程度上归因于坚果的高饱腹感特性，导致补偿反应，占它们提供的能量的65-75%。有限的数据表明，慢性消耗与静息能量消耗升高有关，导致它们提供的另一部分能量耗散。此外，由于生物可及性差，坚果的能量吸收效率有限。总的来说，这些机制抵消了坚果提供的大部分能量。通过包括或不包括坚果的方案对比减肥的少数试验表明，当允许坚果时，依从性得到改善，体重减轻更大。这些一致的文献表明，坚果可以适量地包含在饮食中，以提高适口性和营养质量，而不会对体重增加构成威胁。
Nuts (ground and tree) are rich sources of multiple nutrients and their consumption is associated with health benefits, including reduced cardiovascular disease risk. This has prompted recommendations to increase their consumption. However, they are also high in fat (albeit largely unsaturated) and are energy dense. The associations between these properties, positive energy balance, and body weight raise questions about such recommendations, This issue is addressed through a review of the literature pertaining to the association between nut consumption and energy balance, Epidemiological studies document an inverse association between the frequency of nut consumption and BMI. Clinical trials reveal little or no weight change with inclusion of various types of nuts in the diet over 1-6 mo. Mechanistic studies indicate this is largely attributable to the high satiety property of nuts, leading to compensatory responses that account for 65-75% of the energy they provide. Limited data suggest chronic consumption is associated with elevated resting energy expenditure resulting in dissipation of another portion of the energy they provide. Additionally, due to poor bioaccessibility, there is limited efficiency of energy absorption from nuts. Collectively, these mechanisms offset much of the energy provided by nuts. The few trials contrasting weight loss through regimens that include or exclude nuts indicate improved compliance and greater weight loss when nuts are permitted. This consistent literature suggests nuts may be included in the diet, in moderation, to enhance palatability and nutrient quality without posing a threat for weight gain.