Teaching Ichthyology Online with a Virtual Specimen Collection
Teaching Ichthyology Online with a Virtual Specimen Collection
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DOI：
10.1643/t2020031
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发表时间：
2021-08-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Kindred, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sidlauskas, Brian L.;Burns, Michael D.;Kindred, Mark
几代人以来，生物学家一直在动手实验室学习这门手艺，这些实验室通过标本收集、观察、比较和操作教授解剖学、进化论、自然历史、分类学和功能形态。虽然这些活动教授的是处于我们学科核心的比较方法，但无法获得标本收集的学生被排除在这一基础体验之外。为了填补这一空白，我们开发了一个照片和3D标本模型的虚拟集合，并设计了鱼类学和鱼类分类学课程的完全在线版本。这种虚拟化允许学生在在线实验室中展示和比较标本，使用二分键识别来自不同栖息地的物种，结合物种关系，使用系统发生学识别同构关系，参加基于样本的在线实践考试，并帮助对方识别线程讨论板上的适应和诊断特征。围绕藏品建造的班级为没有机会上类似课程的学生提供教育和大学学分，他们的基础设施使得面对面的教学在2020年S新型冠状病毒关闭我们的实体校园后迅速转移到网上。虽然我们可能永远无法在网上复制含油酒精的香味，但标本虚拟化为服务不足和广泛的受众打开了体验式学习的途径；允许新一代学生发展关键的观察、比较和推理技能；并在出现意外挑战时提供强大的教学弹性。
For generations, organismal biologists have learned their craft in hands-on laboratories that teach anatomy, evolution, natural history, systematics, and functional morphology through specimen collection, observation, comparison, and manipulation. Though these activities teach the comparative method that lies at the heart of our discipline, students without access to specimen collections have been excluded from this foundational experience. To fill that gap, we developed a virtual collection of photographs and 3D specimen models and designed entirely online versions of courses in ichthyology and systematics of fishes. The virtualization allows students to illustrate and compare specimens in online labs, identify species from different habitats using dichotomous keys, contextualize the relationships of species, recognize synapomorphies using a phylogeny, take online specimen-based practical exams, and help each other recognize adaptations and diagnostic features on threaded discussion boards. The classes built around the collection educate and provide university credit to students lacking access to similar courses, and their infrastructure allowed face-to-face instruction to shift online rapidly after 2020's novel coronavirus shut down our brick-and-mortar campus. While we may never be able to replicate the aroma of oil-laden alcohol online, specimen virtualization opens access to experiential learning to an underserved and widespread audience; allows new generations of students to develop crucial skills in observation, comparison, and inference; and affords substantial instructional resiliency when unexpected challenges arise.