What is the point of equality?
What is the point of equality?
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DOI：
10.1086/233897
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
10.8
通讯作者：
Anderson, ES
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, ES
如果最近许多捍卫平等的学术工作都是保守派秘密撰写的，那么结果会不会让平等主义者更尴尬呢？想想看，这些工作中有多少会让自己受到经典的、毁灭性的保守派批评。罗纳德·德沃金将平等定义为一种“无嫉妒”的资源分配。这加剧了人们的怀疑，即平等主义政策背后的动机只是嫉妒。菲利普·范·帕里吉斯认为，平等与善的概念之间的自由中立要求国家支持不愿工作的懒惰、健全的冲浪者。这招致了一种指责，即平等主义者支持不负责任，并鼓励懒惰的人寄生在有生产力的人身上。理查德·阿尼森声称，平等要求在某些条件下，国家补贴其公民认为有义务进行的极其昂贵的宗教仪式。GA Cohen告诉我们，平等要求我们补偿那些脾气阴郁的人，或者因为他们对廉价的爱好感到无可救药的厌倦，以至于他们只能从昂贵的消遣中获得令人满意的娱乐。4这些建议支持了一种反对意见，即平等主义者无视国家权力的适当限制，允许仅为私人目的胁迫他人。范·帕里吉斯建议，为了公平地实现平等的结婚权利，当男性伴侣稀缺时，每个女性都应该在符合条件的单身汉池中获得平等的可交易份额，并必须竞标整个伴侣关系的权利，从而实现财富转移。
If much recent academic work defending equality had been secretly penned by conservatives, could the results be any more embarrassing for egalitarians? Consider how much of this work leaves itself open to classic and devastating conservative criticisms. Ronald Dworkin defines equality as an" envy-free" distribution of resources.'This feeds the suspicion that the motive behind egalitarian policies is mere envy. Philippe Van Parijs argues that equality in conjunction with liberal neutrality among conceptions of the good requires the state to support lazy, able-bodied surfers who are unwilling to work. 2 This invites the charge that egalitarians support irresponsibility and encourage the slothful to be parasitic on the productive. Richard Arneson claims that equality requires that, under certain conditions, the state subsidize extremely costly religious ceremonies that its citizens feel bound to perform. 3 GA Cohen tells us that equality requires that we compensate people for being temperamentally gloomy, or for being so incurably bored by inexpensive hobbies that they can only get fulfilling recreation from expensive diversions. 4 These proposals bolster the objection that egalitarians are oblivious to the proper limits of state power and permit coercion of others for merely private ends. Van Parijs suggests that to fairly implement the equal right to get married, when male partners are scarce, every woman should be given an equal tradable share in the pool of eligible bachelors and have to bid for whole partnership rights, thus implementing a transfer of wealth