Is your brain to blame for weight regain?
Is your brain to blame for weight regain?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.04.003
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发表时间：
2011-09-26
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Cornier, Marc-Andre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cornier, Marc-Andre
肥胖症是美国和世界上一个严重且日益严重的公共卫生问题。虽然体重减轻与肥胖相关的合并症的显著益处相关，但成功的长期体重减轻维持是极其困难的。这种有限的成功主要是由于明显有利于体重恢复的生物学机制。体重减轻状态不仅与能量消耗的减少和底物代谢的变化有关，而且与能量摄入的增加有关。食欲的衡量标准（饥饿感增加，饱腹感减少）显然会随着体重的减轻而改变。食欲的这些变化可能是由外周食欲相关信号的改变介导的，如瘦素和膳食相关的肠道肽，促进能量摄入。此外，显着的变化，神经元对食物相关的线索在减肥状态也已被证明，强调的重要性之间的相互作用的稳态和非稳态调节能量摄入。总之，体重减轻状态显然与能量平衡调节的失调有关，导致促进体重恢复的环境，因此是“治疗”肥胖和减少其合并症的主要障碍之一。本文将回顾在减肥后或减肥状态下发生的能量摄入的中枢调节的适应，包括外周食欲相关信号的变化和检查大脑对减肥的反应的神经影像学研究。(C)2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Obesity is a serious and growing public health problem in the United States and the world. While weight loss is associated with significant benefits in obesity-related co-morbidities, successful long-term weight loss maintenance is extremely difficult This limited success is primarily due to biologic mechanisms that clearly favor weight regain. The weight-reduced state is associated with not only reductions in energy expenditure and changes in substrate metabolism but also in increased energy intake. Measures of appetite (increased hunger, reduced satiety) clearly change with weight loss. These changes in appetite may be mediated by alterations of peripheral appetite-related signals, such as leptin and meal-related gut peptides, promoting energy intake. Furthermore, significant changes in the neuronal response to food-related cues in the weight-reduced state have also been shown, stressing the importance of the interactions between homeostatic and non-homeostatic regulation of energy intake. In summary, the weight-reduced state is clearly associated with a dysregulation of energy balance regulation, resulting in a milieu promoting weight regain, and thus being one of the major obstacles of "treating" obesity and reducing its comorbidities. This paper will review the adaptations in the central regulation of energy intake that occur after weight-loss or in the weight-reduce state in humans, including changes in peripheral appetite-related signals and neuroimaging studies examining the brain's response to weight loss. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.