Dried Watermelon Rind Mash Diet Increases Plasma L-Citrulline Level in Chicks
Dried Watermelon Rind Mash Diet Increases Plasma L-Citrulline Level in Chicks
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DOI：
10.2141/jpsa.0180018
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Furuse, Mitsuhiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nguyen, Linh T. N.;Han, Guofeng;Furuse, Mitsuhiro
热应激是家禽业日益关注的问题，因为它会导致鸡的体温升高。最近，我们报道了l -瓜氨酸（L-Cit）是一种潜在的低温剂，可以提高鸡的耐低温性。然而，合成左旋柠檬酸酯尚未被批准加入动物饲料中。l - citi首次从西瓜中分离得到。西瓜皮（WR）是一种农业废弃物，含有比果肉更多的左旋柠檬酸盐。本研究测定了冬青干粉（WRP）的化学成分和l -柠檬酸盐含量。将WRP与水按4:5 （wt/v）的比例混合制成WRP醪，再与商业发酵剂混合制成WRP 9%的醪。饲喂3 ~ 15日龄雏鸡，测定日采食量、体重和直肠温度变化。在试验结束时，采集雏鸡的血液，分析血浆中l -柠檬酸盐和其他游离氨基酸。经化学分析发现，WRP含有多种成分，其中粗蛋白质含量为19.1%。l -柠檬酸是WRP中含量最高的游离氨基酸（3.18 mg/g）。长期添加WRP醪饲粮显著增加了雏鸡代偿性食物摄入量、血浆l -柠檬酸盐、l -氨基氨酸和l -酪氨酸。WRP混浆饲粮对雏鸡体温无显著影响。综上所述，饲粮中添加WRP可提高雏鸡血浆l -柠檬酸盐浓度。血浆中L-Cit浓度的升高表明，WR可作为鸡体内L-Cit的天然来源，以改善热应激的不利影响。
Heat stress is an increasing concern in poultry industry as it can cause a rise in the body temperature of chickens. Recently, we reported that L-citrulline (L-Cit) is a potential hypothermic agent that could improve thennotolerance in chicks. However, synthetic L-Cit has not yet been approved for inclusion in animal diets. L-Cit was first isolated from watermelon. Watermelon rind (WR), an agricultural waste product, contains more L-Cit than the flesh of the fruit. In the current study, the chemical composition and L-Cit content of WR dried powder (WRP) were determined. WRP was mixed with water at a ratio of 4:5 (wt/v) to make WRP mash, and then mixed with a commercial starter diet to prepare a 9% WRP mash diet. The WRP mash diet was fed to 3- to 15-day-old chicks and daily food intake, body weight, and changes in rectal temperature were measured. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected from the chicks to analyze plasma L-Cit and other free amino acids. The chemical analysis of WRP revealed a variety of components including 19.1% crude protein. L-Cit was the most abundant free amino acid in WRP (3.18 mg/g). Chronic supplementation of the WRP mash diet significantly increased compensatory food intake, plasma L-Cit, L-omithine, and L-tyrosine in chicks. WRP mash diet did not affect the body temperature of the chicks. In conclusion, WRP mash diet supplementation increased plasma L-Cit concentration in chicks. The increase in plasma L-Cit concentrations suggest that WR could be used as a natural source of L-Cit in chicks to ameliorate the adverse effects of heat stress.