The Ancestral Modulation Hypothesis: Predicting Mechanistic Control of Sexually Heteromorphic Traits Using Evolutionary History
The Ancestral Modulation Hypothesis: Predicting Mechanistic Control of Sexually Heteromorphic Traits Using Evolutionary History
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DOI：
10.1086/725438
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发表时间：
2023-09-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Renn，Suzy C. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anderson，Andrew P.;Renn，Suzy C. P.
在整个动物王国中，一种性别甚至一个物种内部都有无数的形式，这使得普遍的性别特征的概念变得毫无意义。调节这些性状差异发展的机制是多种多样的，尽管在脊椎动物中，共同的途径涉及性腺类固醇激素。性腺类固醇通常与异形性状发育有关，其中在较高循环水平发现的类固醇是参与该性别性状发育的类固醇。偶尔，也有这样的情况，其中一个性腺类固醇与异形性状的发展在一个性别是参与异形或单态性状的发展在另一个性别。我们提出了一个口头假说，祖先调制假说（AMH），使用的性状的进化历史，特别是性别祖先具有较高的性状值预测的监管途径，管理性状的表达。AMH预测，基因组结构首先出现在最初的单态性特征中，以解决性冲突。这种结构利用现有的性别偏见的信号，性腺类固醇途径，产生性状异形。在另一个性别经历新表型的进化压力的情况下，该性别将通过改变其信号来匹配原始高性状价值性别的信号来吸收现有的结构。我们描述了产生这种模式所需的综合水平，以及该特征的进化历史将产生什么样的预期结果。我们提出这个框架作为一个可检验的假设，为科学界调查和创造进一步的参与和分析的最终和接近的方法，以性异形。
Across the animal kingdom there are myriad forms within a sex across, and even within, species, rendering concepts of universal sex traits moot. The mechanisms that regulate the development of these trait differences are varied, although in vertebrates, common pathways involve gonadal steroid hormones. Gonadal steroids are often associated with heteromorphic trait development, where the steroid found at higher circulating levels is the one involved in trait development for that sex. Occasionally, there are situations in which a gonadal steroid associated with heteromorphic trait development in one sex is involved in heteromorphic or monomorphic trait development in another sex. We propose a verbal hypothesis, the ancestral modulation hypothesis (AMH), that uses the evolutionary history of the trait—particularly which sex ancestrally possessed higher trait values—to predict the regulatory pathway that governs trait expression. The AMH predicts that the genomic architecture appears first to resolve sexual conflict in an initially monomorphic trait. This architecture takes advantage of existing sex-biased signals, the gonadal steroid pathway, to generate trait heteromorphism. In cases where the other sex experiences evolutionary pressure for the new phenotype, that sex will co-opt the existing architecture by altering its signal to match that of the original high-trait-value sex. We describe the integrated levels needed to produce this pattern and what the expected outcomes will be given the evolutionary history of the trait. We present this framework as a testable hypothesis for the scientific community to investigate and to create further engagement and analysis of both ultimate and proximate approaches to sexual heteromorphism.