Production of penicillin by fungi growing on food products:: Identification of a complete penicillin gene cluster in Penicillium griseofulvum and a truncated cluster in Penicillium verrucosum
Production of penicillin by fungi growing on food products:: Identification of a complete penicillin gene cluster in Penicillium griseofulvum and a truncated cluster in Penicillium verrucosum
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.68.3.1211-1219.2002
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发表时间：
2002-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Martín, JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Laich, F;Fierro, F;Martín, JF
生长在食物上的真菌生物群通常有利于产品的成熟和特定风味特征的发展，但由于产生不需要的化合物，如真菌毒素或抗生素，它也可能是有害的。一些最常从发酵和腌制肉制品中分离出来的真菌，如产黄青霉和纳氏青霉，是已知的青霉素生产者;后者已被证明能够在肉制品表面生长时产生青霉素并将其分泌到培养基中。必须避免食物中含有青霉素，因为它会导致过敏反应，并使人类致病菌产生青霉素耐药性。在这篇文章中，我们描述了青霉素生产能力的真菌青霉属，用作发酵剂的奶酪和肉制品或经常从食品中分离的研究。灰黄青霉是一种新的青霉素产生菌，具有与产黄青霉相似的青霉素基因簇。在所研究的真菌中没有发现其他物种产生青霉素或具有青霉素生物合成基因，除了疣状假单胞菌，其含有pcbAB基因（如通过杂交和PCR克隆基因片段所示）但缺乏pcbC和penDE。在一些真菌中观察到由于产生青霉素以外的次级代谢产物而产生的抗菌活性。
Mycobiota growing on food is often beneficial for the ripening and development of the specific flavor characteristics of the product, but it can also be harmful due to the production of undesirable compounds such as mycotoxins or antibiotics. Some of the fungi most frequently isolated from fermented and cured meat products such as Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium nalgiovense are known penicillin producers; the latter has been shown to be able to produce penicillin when growing on the surface of meat products and secrete it to the medium. The presence of penicillin in food must be avoided, since it can lead to allergic reactions and the arising of penicillin resistance in human-pathogenic bacteria. In this article we describe a study of the penicillin production ability among fungi of the genus Penicillium that are used as starters for cheese and meat products or that are frequently isolated from food products. Penicillium griseofulvum was found to be a new penicillin producer and to have a penicillin gene cluster similar to that of Penicillium chrysogenum. No other species among the studied fungi were found to produce penicillin or to possess the penicillin biosynthetic genes, except P. verrucosum, which contains the pcbAB gene (as shown by hybridization and PCR cloning of fragments of the gene) but lacks pcbC and penDE. Antibacterial activities due to the production of secondary metabolites other than penicillin were observed in some fungi.