Moving Out of Poverty: Success from the Bottom Up
Moving Out of Poverty: Success from the Bottom Up
复制标题
摆脱贫困：自下而上的成功
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Soumya Kapoor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Narayan;P. Lant;Soumya Kapoor
全球摆脱贫困的研究在几个方面是独一无二的。这是为数不多的专注于摆脱贫困的流动性而不仅仅是贫困的大规模比较研究之一。这项研究汇集了长期以来设法摆脱贫困的贫穷男女的经验，以及帮助或阻碍他们努力的进程和地方机构。这也是世界银行的报告首次利用人们对自由、民主、平等、赋权和愿望的理解，以及这些因素如何影响不同增长、社会和政治背景下的贫困人口。通过优先考虑人们自己的经历以及他们如何定义贫困，该研究为制定更有效的减贫战略提供了一些新的见解。研究发现，穷人更主动，在很多情况下甚至比那些富裕的人更主动。有成千上万的贫穷的小企业家。这些小企业家的投资环境并不是扶贫战略的核心。穷人往往得不到公平的竞争环境。尽管出现了小额信贷革命，但穷人仍然被排除在大多数金融服务之外；大银行仍然不愿意贷款给微型企业和微型企业家。需要新的制度模式和金融工具来满足贫困人口的金融需求，并为他们提供扩大业务和与市场联系所需的资金。
The global moving out of poverty study is unique in several respects. It is one of the few large-scale comparative research efforts to focus on mobility out of poverty rather than on poverty alone. The study draws together the experiences of poor women and men who have managed to move out of poverty over time and the processes and local institutions that have helped or hindered their efforts. It is also the first time that a World Bank report draws on people's own understanding of freedom, democracy, equality, empowerment, and aspirations-and how these affect poor people in different growth, social, and political contexts. By giving primacy to people's own experiences and how they define poverty, the study provides several new insights to develop more effective strategies to reduce poverty. The study finds that poor people take lots of initiative, in many cases even more than those who are better off. There are millions and millions of tiny poor entrepreneurs. The investment climate of these tiny entrepreneurs has not been a centerpiece of poverty strategies. Too often, poor people do not face a level playing field. Despite the micro credit revolution, poor people remain outside of most financial services; and large lenders remain reluctant to lend to micro enterprises and micro entrepreneurs. New institutional models and financial instruments are needed to serve poor people's financial needs and give them the capital they need to expand their businesses and connect to markets.