BODY TEMPERATURES OF REPTILES
BODY TEMPERATURES OF REPTILES
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DOI：
10.2307/2423461
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发表时间：
1965-01-01
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
BRATTSTROM, BH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BRATTSTROM, BH
根据文献中对161种爬行动物的9000种身体、空气、土壤和水温的测量或记录，对爬行动物的体温进行了总结。各种爬行动物的体温范围和平均体温是：海龟：8.0 ~ 37.8，平均：28.4；现象：6.2 ~ 18.0，平均：12.5；美洲鳄：26-37岁，平均：32 - 35岁；蛇：9.0 - 38.0，平均25.6；蜥蜴：11.0到46.4，平均29.1。尽管一些爬行动物表现出广泛的热耐受性而没有“偏好”的体温，而另一些爬行动物则有狭窄的活动范围和偏好，但在热耐受性和偏好方面通常存在特定的、一般的和家族的差异。随着热偏好的增加，通常有一个相关的临界热最大值的增加。具有低热偏好的形式通常具有较低的临界极小值，并且通常比具有高热偏好的形式在较冷的地区和较冷的季节中发现。根据它们的体温调节行为，爬行动物可以分为：穴居动物；不选择温度的水生形态；水生生物选择温度；在水面或岸上晒太阳的水生动物；夜间大腿热形态；偶尔晒日光浴的夜间哺乳动物；白天的，主要是夜间的形式，偶尔晒，并成为黄昏或夜间随着炎热季节的发展；周日non-baskers;每日有限晒日光浴者；和真正的日光日光浴者。爬行动物的体温调节是行为性的（出现、撤退、温度选择、晒伤、方向、姿势变化等）和生理性的（蒸发冷却、影响加热和冷却速率的血管舒缩反应，以及雌性印度巨蟒的有限产热）。
A summary of body temperatures of reptiles has been made on the basis of some 9000 body, air, soil, and water temperatures taken or recorded in the literature for 161 species of reptiles. The range and mean body temperature for the various groups of reptiles are: turtles: 8.0 to 37.8, mean: 28.4; Sphenodon: 6.2 to 18.0, mean: 12.5; American alligator: 26-37, mean: between 32 and 35; snakes: 9.0 to 38.0, mean: 25.6; lizards: 11.0 to 46.4, mean 29.1. There are often specific, generic, and family differences in thermal tolerances and preferences, though some reptiles show wide ranges of thermal tolerance with no "preferred" body temperature, while others have narrow activity ranges and preferences. With an increase in thermal preference, there is usually an associated increase in the critical thermal maximum. Forms with low thermal preference usually have low critical minima and are usually found in colder areas and in colder seasons than those with high thermal preferences. In terms of their thermoregula-tory behavior, reptiles can be grouped into: burrowing forms; aquatic forms not selecting temperatures; aquatic forms selecting temperatures; aquatic forms which bask at surface or on shore; nocturnal thigmo-thermic forms; nocturnal thigmothermic forms that occasionally bask; diurnal, primarily thigmothermic forms that occasionally bask and become crepuscular or nocturnal as hot seasons develop; diurnal non-baskers; diurnal limited baskers; and true heliothermic baskers. Thermo-regulation in reptiles is both behavioral (emergence, retreat, selection of temperatures, basking, orientation, postural changes, etc.) and physio-logical (evaporative cooling, vasomotor responses affecting rates of heating and cooling, and limited heat production in brooding female Indian phythons).