Socialist High Modernity and Global Stagnation: A shared history of Brazil and the Soviet Union during the Cold War
Socialist High Modernity and Global Stagnation: A shared history of Brazil and the Soviet Union during the Cold War
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社会主义高度现代化与全球停滞：冷战期间巴西和苏联的共同历史
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
Tobias Rupprecht
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作者：
Tobias Rupprecht
本文通过研究苏联和巴西在20世纪50年代和60年代的共同点和互动，对传统冷战历史中普遍存在的两极分化提出了质疑。在概述了两国在1960年前后的共同特点后，分析了后斯大林主义苏联对巴西的文化外交。苏联改变了其迄今为止作为世界革命和共产主义阶级斗争摇篮的普遍形象，现在把自己描绘成经济快速工业化和群众教育的榜样。许多巴西知识分子和政治改革家，从库比契克总统到古拉特总统，都与苏联人一样，对这里所说的“社会主义高度现代化”感兴趣。与苏联的接触与1964年的政变和巴西民主的结束有关。然而，新的军事领导人也有自己的利益，并与停滞不前的苏联保持着令人惊讶的良好关系。这也是基于铁幕两侧两个表面上特殊而遥远的国家在历史发展中的一系列共同点。本文基于莫斯科档案馆的新文件和巴西外交部最近解密的消息来源，避开了对这一时期的目的论解释，并探讨了冲突中行动者的概念基础，旨在将冷战史学与最近忽视了拉丁美洲和东欧的全球历史辩论联系起来。
This article questions a prevailing bipolarity of traditional Cold War history by examining commonalities and interactions between the Soviet Union and Brazil in the 1950s and 1960s. After outlining the common characteristics of both states around 1960, it analyses the cultural diplomacy of the post-Stalinist Soviet Union towards Brazil. Transforming its hitherto prevailing image as the cradle of world revolution and communist class struggle, the USSR now represented itself as a role model for the quick industrialization of the economy and education of the masses. Many Brazilian intellectuals and political reformers from President Kubitschek to President Goulart shared with the Soviets an interest in what is here called ‘socialist high modernity’. Contacts with the Soviet Union were connected to the putsch and the end of Brazilian democracy in 1964. However, the new military leaders also had their own interests in, and surprisingly good relations with, the stagnating Soviet Union. This was again based on a set of commonalities in the historical development of the two ostensibly idiosyncratic and distant states on either side of the Iron Curtain. Eschewing teleological interpretations of the period and exploring the ideational basis of actors in the conflict, this article – based on new documents from Moscow archives and recently declassified sources from the Brazilian Foreign Ministry – aims to link Cold War historiography to the debates on global history, which have lately neglected both Latin America and eastern Europe.