Using Visual Information for Grounding and Awareness in Collaborative Tasks
Using Visual Information for Grounding and Awareness in Collaborative Tasks
复制标题
使用视觉信息来增强协作任务的基础和意识
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Susan R. Fussell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Darren Gergle;R. Kraut;Susan R. Fussell
当两人一起完成一项体力任务时，看到一个共同的工作空间可以促进沟通并提高绩效。然而，在调解此类活动时，技术的选择可以以影响关键协调过程的方式转换视觉信息。在本文中，我们研究了受视觉信息影响的两个协调过程——情境意识和对话基础——它们在理论上是不同的，但在实证研究中经常被混淆。我们提出了三项实证研究，证明共享视觉信息如何通过这两种不同的途径支持协作。我们还讨论了视觉信息的特定特征如何与任务特征相互作用以影响态势感知和对话基础，并进一步证明这些特征如何影响对话和协调。实验 1 操纵视觉信息的即时性，并表明即时视觉反馈通过提高情境意识和对话基础来促进协作。在实验 2 中，通过错位工作者和助手看待工作区域的视角，我们破坏了视觉反馈支持对话基础的能力，但不支持情境意识。研究结果表明，视觉信息支持对话基础的核心机制。实验 3 通过减小公共观看区域的大小，破坏了视觉反馈支持态势感知的能力。研究结果表明，视觉信息独立支持情境意识和对话基础。最后，我们对结果及其对理论发展和协作技术未来设计的影响进行了一般性讨论。
When pairs work together on a physical task, seeing a common workspace facilitates communication and benefits performance. When mediating such activities, however, the choice of technology can transform the visual information in ways that impact critical coordination processes. In this article we examine two coordination processes that are impacted by visual information—situation awareness and conversational grounding—which are theoretically distinct but often confounded in empirical research. We present three empirical studies that demonstrate how shared visual information supports collaboration through these two distinct routes. We also address how particular features of visual information interact with features of the task to influence situation awareness and conversational grounding, and further demonstrate how these features affect conversation and coordination. Experiment 1 manipulates the immediacy of the visual information and shows that immediate visual feedback facilitates collaboration by improving both situation awareness and conversational grounding. In Experiment 2, by misaligning the perspective through which the Worker and Helper see the work area we disrupt the ability of visual feedback to support conversational grounding but not situation awareness. The findings demonstrate that visual information supports the central mechanism of conversational grounding. Experiment 3 disrupts the ability of visual feedback to support situation awareness by reducing the size of the common viewing area. The findings suggest that visual information independently supports both situation awareness and conversational grounding. We conclude with a general discussion of the results and their implications for theory development and the future design of collaborative technologies.