Development of a prototype PET scanner with depth-of-interaction measurement using solid-state photomultiplier arrays and parallel readout electronics.
Development of a prototype PET scanner with depth-of-interaction measurement using solid-state photomultiplier arrays and parallel readout electronics.
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DOI：
10.1088/0031-9155/59/5/1223
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发表时间：
2014-03-07
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Deng Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shao Y;Sun X;Lan KA;Bircher C;Lou K;Deng Z
在这项研究中，我们开发了一个原型动物PET应用几种新技术，使用固态光电倍增管（SSPM）阵列测量的深度的相互作用（DOI）和提高成像性能。每个PET探测器都有一个8×8阵列，由约1.9×1.9×30.0 mm 3的氧硅酸镥钇（LYSO）晶体管组成，每一端通过光导光学连接到SSPM阵列（4×4矩阵中的16个通道），以实现连续的DOI测量。每个SSPM的有效面积约为3×3 mm 2，其输出由定制开发的专用集成电路（ASIC）读取，以直接将模拟信号转换为编码交互信息的数字定时脉冲。这些脉冲被传输到基于现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）的时间数字转换器并由其解码，用于重合事件选择和数据采集。每个SSPM的独立读出和并行信号处理可以显著提高信噪比，并能够针对不同的数据处理使用灵活的算法。原型PET由便携式机架上的两个旋转探测器面板组成，每个面板中有四个探测器，以提供16 mm轴向和可变的轴向视场（FOV）尺寸。实现了列表模式有序子集期望最大化图像重建。测量的平均能量，符合时间，和DOI分辨率为晶体分别为约17.6%，2.8 ns，和5.6 mm。在FOV中心测得的经轴分辨率分别为2.0 mm和2.3 mm，重建图像与DOI，没有。此外，具有DOI的FOV上的分辨率明显优于不具有DOI的分辨率。热棒体模和小鼠的PET图像的质量与DOI采集远高于无DOI获得的图像。这项研究表明，SSPM阵列和先进的读出/处理电子设备可以用来开发一个实用的DOI可测量的PET扫描仪。
In this study, we developed a prototype animal PET by applying several novel technologies to use the solid-state photomultiplier (SSPM) arrays for measuring the depth-of-interaction (DOI) and improving imaging performance. Each PET detector has an 8×8 array of about 1.9×1.9×30.0 mm3 lutetium-yttrium-oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) scintillators, with each end optically connected to a SSPM array (16-channel in a 4×4 matrix) through a light guide to enable continuous DOI measurement. Each SSPM has an active area of about 3×3 mm2, and its output is read by a custom-developed application-specific-integrated-circuit (ASIC) to directly convert analog signals to digital timing pulses that encode the interaction information. These pulses are transferred to and be decoded by a field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) based time-to-digital convertor for coincident event selection and data acquisition. The independent readout of each SSPM and the parallel signal process can significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio and enable using flexible algorithms for different data processes. The prototype PET consists of two rotating detector panels on a portable gantry with four detectors in each panel to provide 16 mm axial and variable transaxial field-of-view (FOV) sizes. List-mode ordered-subset-expectation-maximization image reconstruction was implemented. The measured mean energy, coincidence timing, and DOI resolution for a crystal were about 17.6%, 2.8 ns, and 5.6 mm, respectively. The measured transaxial resolutions at the center of the FOV were 2.0 mm and 2.3 mm for images reconstructed with and without DOI, respectively. In addition, the resolutions across the FOV with DOI were substantially better than those without DOI. The quality of PET images of both a hot-rod phantom and mouse acquired with DOI was much higher than that of images obtained without DOI. This study demonstrates that SSPM arrays and advanced readout/processing electronics can be used to develop a practical DOI-measureable PET scanner.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nima.2011.03.033
发表时间：
2011-06-11
期刊：
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment
影响因子：
--
作者：
Sun X;Lan AK;Bircher C;Deng Z;Liu Y;Shao Y
通讯作者：
Shao Y
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Ling, T.;Lewellen, T. K.;Miyaoka, R. S.
通讯作者：
Miyaoka, R. S.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Downie, Evan;Yang, Xin;Peng, Hao
通讯作者：
Peng, Hao
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Goertzen, Andrew L.;Zhang, Xuezhu;Thompson, Christopher J.
通讯作者：
Thompson, Christopher J.
开发用于 PET 应用的八通道基于时间的读出 ASIC
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Deng Z;Lan AK;Sun X;Bircher C;Liu Y;Shao Y
通讯作者：
Shao Y