Gaze avoidance: Personality and social judgments of people who avoid direct face-to-face contact
Gaze avoidance: Personality and social judgments of people who avoid direct face-to-face contact
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DOI：
10.1016/s0191-8869(96)00148-1
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发表时间：
1996-12-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Shackelford, TK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Larsen, RJ;Shackelford, TK
有些人在互动时保持直接的、面对面的接触，而另一些人在互动时转移目光或转过脸来。对凝视回避的个体差异的研究虽然很少，但主要分为两个方面。一个是关于凝视厌恶的人格和精神病理学相关性，另一个是关于在互动中回避目光的人的社会判断。研究结果普遍表明，厌恶凝视与不利的性格特征（害羞、社交焦虑、患精神分裂症的风险）和负面的社会评价（厌恶凝视的人被认为更虚伪、更不真诚）有关。本研究利用了包含面部照片的档案数据集，可以从中对凝视回避进行评分。男性和女性回避凝视的相关因素是不同的。凝视回避男性倾向于情绪抑制和过度控制，并报告了各种心身和身体症状的高发。另一方面，凝视回避型女性在精神病、歇斯底里和传统女性气质方面的指标较高，她们的身体症状往往较少。凝视回避型女性也会被其他人以负面的眼光看待（令人讨厌、没有良心、没有吸引力，甚至智力较低）。在男性中，没有一个社会判断变量与凝视回避显著相关。结果讨论了性别差异的意义和交际功能的这种非语言的社会行为。版权所有爱思唯尔科学有限公司
Some people maintain direct, face-to-face contact during interaction, whereas others avert their gaze or turn their face while interacting. Research on individual differences in gaze avoidance, while sparse, falls into two areas. One concerns the personality and psychopathology correlates of gaze aversion, and the other concerns social judgments made of people who avert their gaze during interaction. The findings generally show that gaze aversion is associated with unfavorable traits (shyness, social anxiety, risk for schizophrenia) and negative social evaluations (gaze averse people are rated as more deceptive and less sincere). The present study took advantage of an archival data set that contained facial photographs from which gaze avoidance could be scored. The correlates of gaze avoidance were different for men and women. Gaze avoidant men tended to be emotionally inhibited and overcontrolled, and reported a high incidence of various psychosomatic and physical symptoms. Gaze avoidant women, on the other hand, were high on measures of psychopathy, hysteria, and traditional femininity, they tended to have fewer physical symptoms. Gaze avoidant women were also viewed by others in a negative light (as being disagreeable, unconscientious, unattractive, and even somewhat lower on intelligence). In males, none of the social judgment variables correlated significantly with gaze avoidance. Results are discussed in terms of sex differences in the meaning and communicative function of this non-verbal social behavior. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.