Photodynamic therapy: illuminating the road from cell death towards anti-tumour immunity
Photodynamic therapy: illuminating the road from cell death towards anti-tumour immunity
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DOI：
10.1007/s10495-010-0479-7
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Agostinis, Patrizia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Garg, Abhishek D.;Nowis, Dominika;Agostinis, Patrizia
光动力疗法（PDT）利用通过可见光照射癌组织/细胞中积累的光敏染料而产生的活性氧物质的破坏力，以使它们消失。PDT激活癌细胞中的多种信号通路，这可能导致所有三种细胞死亡方式（至少在体外）。同时，PDT能够在肿瘤微环境中引发各种效应，从而影响肿瘤相关/浸润免疫细胞，并通过扩展，导致各种免疫细胞（例如嗜中性粒细胞）浸润到治疗部位。PDT还与不同免疫现象的激活相关，例如急性期应答、补体级联和细胞因子/趋化因子的产生。它也已经曝光，PDT是能够激活“抗肿瘤适应性免疫”在临床前以及临床设置。虽然PDT诱导“抗癌疫苗效应”的能力仍有争议，但已显示其能够诱导某些损伤相关分子模式（DAMP）（如HSP 70）的暴露/释放。因此，PDT在其他批准的治疗方法中似乎是独特的，可以产生适合全身抗肿瘤免疫发展的微环境。除此之外，最近出现了一些基于PDT的有前途的模式，如光免疫疗法和基于PDT的癌症疫苗。本文主要从抗肿瘤免疫的角度对PDT对肿瘤细胞、免疫细胞以及肿瘤微环境的影响进行综述。PDT暴露/释放DAMPs的能力和这种模式的未来前景也进行了讨论。
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes the destructive power of reactive oxygen species generated via visible light irradiation of a photosensitive dye accumulated in the cancerous tissue/cells, to bring about their obliteration. PDT activates multiple signalling pathways in cancer cells, which could give rise to all three cell death modalities (at least in vitro). Simultaneously, PDT is capable of eliciting various effects in the tumour microenvironment thereby affecting the tumour-associated/-infiltrating immune cells and by extension, leading to infiltration of various immune cells (e.g. neutrophils) into the treated site. PDT is also associated to the activation of different immune phenomena, e.g. acute-phase response, complement cascade and production of cytokines/chemokines. It has also come to light that, PDT is capable of activating 'anti-tumour adaptive immunity' in both pre-clinical as well as clinical settings. Although the ability of PDT to induce 'anti-cancer vaccine effect' is still debatable, yet it has been shown to be capable of inducing exposure/release of certain damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) like HSP70. Therefore, it seems that PDT is unique among other approved therapeutic procedures in generating a microenvironment suitable for development of systemic anti-tumour immunity. Apart from this, recent times have seen the emergence of certain promising modalities based on PDT like-photoimmunotherapy and PDT-based cancer vaccines. This review mainly discusses the effects exerted by PDT on cancer cells, immune cells as well as tumour microenvironment in terms of anti-tumour immunity. The ability of PDT to expose/release DAMPs and the future perspectives of this paradigm have also been discussed.