Localized cell death focuses mechanical forces during 3D patterning in a biofilm
Localized cell death focuses mechanical forces during 3D patterning in a biofilm
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1212429109
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发表时间：
2012-11-13
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Sueel, Guerol M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Asally, Munehiro;Kittisopikul, Mark;Sueel, Guerol M.
从微生物生物膜群落到多细胞生物，3D宏观结构通过细胞过程和机械力之间的相互作用而发展。研究枯草芽孢杆菌的褶皱生物膜，我们发现了一种局部细胞死亡的模式，该模式在空间上集中机械力，从而启动褶皱形成。与生物膜发育有关的基因的缺失以及数学建模揭示了细胞外基质的产生是细胞死亡定位的基础。在细胞死亡的同时，我们定量测量了WT和突变体生物膜的机械刚度和运动。结果表明，局部细胞死亡提供了一个出口的横向压缩力，从而促进垂直机械屈曲，随后导致皱纹的形成。在这些发现的指导下，我们能够在生物膜内生成人工皱纹图案。由细胞死亡促进的3D结构的形成可能是其他发育系统中自组织的基础，并且可以使细胞群体的宏观结构工程化。
From microbial biofilm communities to multicellular organisms, 3D macroscopic structures develop through poorly understood interplay between cellular processes and mechanical forces. Investigating wrinkled biofilms of Bacillus subtilis, we discovered a pattern of localized cell death that spatially focuses mechanical forces, and thereby initiates wrinkle formation. Deletion of genes implicated in biofilm development, together with mathematical modeling, revealed that ECM production underlies the localization of cell death. Simultaneously with cell death, we quantitatively measured mechanical stiffness and movement in WT and mutant biofilms. Results suggest that localized cell death provides an outlet for lateral compressive forces, thereby promoting vertical mechanical buckling, which subsequently leads to wrinkle formation. Guided by these findings, we were able to generate artificial wrinkle patterns within biofilms. Formation of 3D structures facilitated by cell death may underlie self-organization in other developmental systems, and could enable engineering of macroscopic structures from cell populations.