Emergence of reputation in an artificial society: modelling non-merchant exchanges among autonomous agents
Emergence of reputation in an artificial society: modelling non-merchant exchanges among autonomous agents
复制标题
人工社会中声誉的出现：对自治代理之间的非商业交换进行建模
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
François Bousquet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Rouchier;M. O'Connor;François Bousquet
本文描述了在一个人工社会中，自主代理交换礼物的模拟。在这个社会中，代理人执行简单的行为，被其他人看到并分析，以便为每个代理人创建一个共同的形象（声誉）。该模型基于对非商人交换系统的大量描述，这对民族学家和经济学家来说都非常有趣：它们似乎对商品流通和确保社会联系和价值的再生产非常重要。在所建立的系统中，代理人必须在每个时间步做出礼物。存在两种礼物和两种相应的声誉：代理人要么为了分享而给予，要么为了享有声誉而给予。因为礼物是根据地位接受的，所以接受礼物对声誉的重要性与制作礼物一样重要。每个代理人的特点是其“动机"，以获得作为一个共享代理人或一个有声望的代理人的声誉。它的特点还在于它的“尊重”，以决定它是否能够在一个时间步内完成它想做的礼物。智能体的这两个特征在模拟过程中可以是稳定的，但也可以根据其历史而演变。我们在这里研究不同的模式，可以出现在社会中，在声誉的产生方面，随着时间的推移，历史。可以观察到这些模式的巨大范围，这取决于对参数的选择。在某些情况下，代理人不能单独区分，在其他情况下，他们可以：但是，在任何情况下，出现的任何个人行为都必须由集体规范来维持，该规范或多或少地指出代理人如何评价每个声誉。
This paper describes simulations in an artificial society in which autonomous agents exchange gifts. In this society agents perform simple acts that are looked at by the others and are analysed so that a common image is created for each agent (a reputation). The model is based on numerous descriptions of non-merchant exchange systems, which are very interesting for ethnologists as well as for economists: they appear to be important for circulation of goods and to insure the reproduction of social links and values. In the system built the agents must make a gift at each time-step. There exist two kinds of gifts and two corresponding kinds of reputation: the agents either give to share or to be prestigious. Since gifts are received according to status, receiving a gift is as important for a reputation as making one. Each agent is characterised by its ''motivation'' to acquire the reputation of being a sharing agent or a prestigious agent. It is also characterised by its ''esteem'', to decide if it will be able to do the gift it wants to do for a time-step. These two characteristics of an agent can be stable during the simulation, but can also evolve according to its history. We study here the different patterns that can appear in the societies, in terms of generation of reputation, and of histories over time. A huge range of these patterns can be observed, depending on the choice made for the parameters. In some cases the agents cannot be individually distinguished, in other cases they can: but, in any case any individual behaviours that emerge have to be sustained by a collective specification that points out more or less the way agents value each reputation.