A Review on the Synthesis and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Vehicle.
A Review on the Synthesis and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Vehicle.
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DOI：
10.2147/ijn.s279094
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Guo B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amina SJ;Guo B
金属纳米颗粒由于其较小的尺寸与体积比和广泛的热稳定性而被广泛应用于生物医学领域。金纳米粒子 (AuNP) 因其易于合成、稳定和功能化、低毒性且易于检测而成为生物医学应用的明显选择。在过去的几十年中，各种化学方法已被用于合成AuNPs，但最近，更新的环境友好型绿色合成方法引起了人们的关注。 AuNP 可与许多功能化部分缀合，包括配体、治疗剂、DNA、氨基酸、蛋白质、肽和寡核苷酸。最近的研究表明，金纳米颗粒不仅能渗透血管到达肿瘤部位，还能进入细胞器内部，这表明它们可以作为有效的药物载体。此外，在到达目标位点后，金纳米粒子可以在外部或内部刺激下释放其有效负载。本综述重点关注金纳米粒子各种合成方法的最新进展。此外，还全面讨论了AuNPs在药物和生物大分子递送以及靶点有效负载释放中的功能化策略和应用机制。
Metal nanoparticles are being extensively used in biomedical fields due to their small size-to-volume ratio and extensive thermal stability. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are an obvious choice for biomedical applications due to their amenability of synthesis, stabilization, and functionalization, low toxicity, and ease of detection. In the past few decades, various chemical methods have been used for the synthesis of AuNPs, but recently, newer environment friendly green approaches for the synthesis of AuNPs have gained attention. AuNPs can be conjugated with a number of functionalizing moieties including ligands, therapeutic agents, DNA, amino acids, proteins, peptides, and oligonucleotides. Recently, studies have shown that gold nanoparticles not only infiltrate the blood vessels to reach the site of tumor but also enter inside the organelles, suggesting that they can be employed as effective drug carriers. Moreover, after reaching their target site, gold nanoparticles can release their payload upon an external or internal stimulus. This review focuses on recent advances in various methods of synthesis of AuNPs. In addition, strategies of functionalization and mechanisms of application of AuNPs in drug and bio-macromolecule delivery and release of payloads at target site are comprehensively discussed.