Learning about time within the spinal cord: evidence that spinal neurons can abstract and store an index of regularity.
Learning about time within the spinal cord: evidence that spinal neurons can abstract and store an index of regularity.
复制标题
了解脊髓中的时间：脊柱神经元可以抽象并存储规律性的证据。
DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00274
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Grau JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee KH;Turtle JD;Huang YJ;Strain MM;Baumbauer KM;Grau JW
先前的研究表明，间歇性伤害性刺激对脊髓可塑性的影响取决于它是以规则的(固定时间，FT)还是以不规则(可变时间，VT)的方式发生的：在脊髓横断动物中，对尾部或后腿的VT刺激损害了脊髓学习，而长期暴露于FT刺激具有恢复/保护作用。这些观察结果表明，较低级别的系统对时间关系很敏感。在脊髓横断大鼠的实验中，结果表明，540次电击后，FT刺激的恢复作用显现；较少的电击会产生学习障碍。FT刺激的变革性效应与电击次数有关，而与暴露时间无关。360次FT电击会导致持续24小时的学习障碍。如果在第一次FT刺激后第二天再进行第二次FT刺激，学习能力就会恢复。这种节省效应表明，最初的训练情节具有持久的(类似记忆的)效果。当在不同的位置或不同的频率施加两次电击时，会产生一种变革性的效果，这意味着脊髓系统抽象并存储了一个规律性的指数(而不是一个特定的间隔)。讨论了研究结果对步进式训练和伤后康复的影响。
Prior studies have shown that intermittent noxious stimulation has divergent effects on spinal cord plasticity depending upon whether it occurs in a regular (fixed time, FT) or irregular (variable time, VT) manner: In spinally transected animals, VT stimulation to the tail or hind leg impaired spinal learning whereas an extended exposure to FT stimulation had a restorative/protective effect. These observations imply that lower level systems are sensitive to temporal relations. Using spinally transected rats, it is shown that the restorative effect of FT stimulation emerges after 540 shocks; fewer shocks generate a learning impairment. The transformative effect of FT stimulation is related to the number of shocks administered, not the duration of exposure. Administration of 360 FT shocks induces a learning deficit that lasts 24 h. If a second bout of FT stimulation is given a day after the first, it restores the capacity to learn. This savings effect implies that the initial training episode had a lasting (memory-like) effect. Two bouts of shock have a transformative effect when applied at different locations or at difference frequencies, implying spinal systems abstract and store an index of regularity (rather than a specific interval). Implications of the results for step training and rehabilitation after injury are discussed.