Payments for Environmental Services: Past Performance and Pending Potentials
Payments for Environmental Services: Past Performance and Pending Potentials
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-resource-100518-094206
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Pagiola, Stefano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wunder, Sven;Boerner, Jan;Pagiola, Stefano
我们开发了一个理论的变化支付环境服务（PES），以审查其迫在眉睫的优势和劣势，在越来越多的机构的影响评估研究。我们表明，PES可能至少是其他保护工具的环境附加，根据有限的证据。生态系统服务付费的最初设想是直接、灵活和潜在有效的，这一设想仍然有效，但生态系统服务付费的设计和执行必须在其经济运作中升级，以更好地实现这一潜力。不利的自我选择、不适当的行政目标和执行不力的条件构成了可能严重阻碍生态系统服务付费取得成功的三个主要障碍。诸如针对服务密度、威胁和成本水平的空间定位以及支付差异化等策略可以减轻设计挑战。生态系统服务费用支付系统的选址需要进一步向高危地区转移。作出适当的生态系统服务费用支付制度设计选择还需要有提高环境影响的政治意愿。
We develop a theory of change for payments for environmental services (PES) to review their imminent strengths and weaknesses in light of a growing body of impact evaluation studies. We show that PES are probably at least as environmentally additional as other conservation tools, based on the limited evidence. The original vision of PES as being direct, flexible, and potentially effective remains valid, but PES design and implementation have to be upgraded in their economic functioning to better realize this potential. Adverse self-selection, inadequate administrative targeting, and ill-enforced conditionality constitute three key obstacles that may considerably hamper PES success. Policies such as spatial targeting to service density, threat and cost levels, and payment differentiation can alleviate the design challenges. PES site selection needs to further move into high-threat areas. Making adequate PES design choices also requires the political will to boost environmental effects.