PHENOTYPIC, GENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MORPHOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN THE CRANIUM
PHENOTYPIC, GENETIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MORPHOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN THE CRANIUM
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1982.tb05070.x
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
CHEVERUD, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CHEVERUD, JM
[使用来自Cayo圣地亚哥骨骼标本库的恒河猴颅骨]，对发育和功能相关颅骨特征在表型、基因型和环境因素方面相对紧密的形态整合的假设进行了检验。发育和功能相关的性状，F-集，从理论和实验信息有关的发展和功能的颅骨。聚类分析用于形成表型（P-集）、基因型（G-集）和环境因素（E-集）中相对高度相关的性状集。理论推导的F-集，然后比较的P-，G-和E-集形成的聚类分析，以检验假设。F-和P-集之间几乎完全一致，表明发育和功能相关的性状相对紧密地整合在表型中。F-和E-集的分析表明，至少在2个主要的功能性颅组件，颅神经和orofacial组件，性状相对紧密地集成。F-和G-集表现出非常小的协议，由于发生相对紧密的基因型整合的各种颅神经和orofacial性状。在颅神经和口面部的组成部分，发育和功能相关的特点是相对紧密的集成。一些理论和经验的支持存在的遗传相关性之间的发育和功能相关的性状，可能保持稳定的选择沿着脊或峰在一个适应性的地形。还注意到，在没有发育或功能关系的性状之间存在一些强的遗传相关。这些非功能相关性可能通过随机过程产生，如奠基者效应和遗传漂变。它们可能在决定种群的进化可能性方面很重要，而不受任何适应性因素的影响。
The hypotheses that developmentally and functionally related cranial traits are relatively tightly morphologically integrated in the phenotype, genotype and with respect to environmental factors were tested [using rhesus macaque cranium from the Cayo Santiago skeletal collection]. Sets of developmentally and functionally related traits, F-sets, were generated from theoretical and experimental information concerning the development and function in the cranium. Cluster analysis was used to form sets of relatively highly correlated traits in the phenotype (P-sets), genotype (G-sets), and with respect to environmental factors (E-sets). The theoretically derived F-sets were then compared to the P-, G-, and E-sets formed by cluster analysis in order to test the hypothesis. The nearly complete agreement between F- and P-sets indicates that developmentally and functionally related traits are relatively tightly integrated in the phenotype. Analysis of F- and E-sets indicated that at least traits within the 2 major functional cranial components, the neurocranial and orofacial components, were relatively tightly integrated. The F- and G-sets showed very little agreement due to the occurrence of relatively tight genotypic integration of various neurocranial and orofacial traits. Within the neurocranial and orofacial components, developmentally and functionally related traits are relatively tightly integrated. Some theoretical and empirical support was presented for the presence of genetic correlations among developmentally and functionally related traits, possibly maintained by stabilizing selection along ridges or peaks in an adaptive topography. The existence of some strong genetic correlations among traits with no developmental or functional relationship was also noted. These non-functional correlations may arise through stochastic processes, such as founder effect and genetic drift. They may be important in determining the evolutionary possibilities open to a population, independent of any adaptive considerations.