Effects of attributing serious mental illnesses to genetic causes on orientations to treatment
Effects of attributing serious mental illnesses to genetic causes on orientations to treatment
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DOI：
10.1176/appi.ps.57.3.382
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Cruz-Rojas, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Phelan, JC;Yang, LH;Cruz-Rojas, R
目的：为严重精神疾病患者提供的专业服务未得到充分利用。遗传学革命有可能通过增加公众对精神疾病的生物医学解释来增加寻求专业帮助的人数。本研究的目的是评估严重精神疾病的遗传归因是否与公众中更积极的专业治疗倾向有关。方法：对两次全国代表性调查的数据进行分析。首先，在1996年综合社会调查（GSS）的一项小研究中，评估了精神分裂症和抑郁症的遗传原因与治疗建议和治疗效果之间的联系。其次，在2002-2003年进行的一项小插图实验中，评估了对精神分裂症和抑郁症中遗传因素作用的各种描述对感知治疗效果的影响。结果：对遗传原因的认知与更多的精神病院和处方药的建议有关，但与更多的去看精神科医生、治疗师或全科医生的建议无关。在GSS中，对遗传原因的感知与感知到的治疗效果无关，而小插图中描述的遗传原因与较低的治疗效果感知相关。结论：越来越重视精神疾病的遗传原因可能会对专业治疗的取向产生多方面的影响。遗传归因似乎引导人们寻求最极端的帮助或生物形式的干预，可能是因为人们认为受遗传影响的疾病更严重，更慢性。与此同时，这种归因导致了对干预是否有效的悲观情绪。
Objective: Professional services for persons with serious mental illnesses are underutilized. The genetics revolution has the potential to increase professional help seeking by increasing biomedical interpretations of mental illness among the public. The objective of this study was to assess whether genetic attributions for serious mental illnesses are associated with more positive orientations to professional treatment among members of the general public. Methods: Data from two nationally representative surveys were analyzed. First, associations between perceptions of genetic causes of both schizophrenia and depression and treatment recommendations and perceived treatment effectiveness were assessed in a vignette study that was part of the 1996 General Social Survey (GSS). Second, the effect of various descriptions of the role of genetic factors in schizophrenia and depression on perceived treatment effectiveness was assessed in a vignette experiment conducted in 2002-2003. Results: Perception of genetic causes was associated with more recommendations for mental hospitalization and prescription medication but not with more recommendations to see a psychiatrist, a therapist, or a general medical practitioner. Perception of genetic causes was not related to perceived treatment effectiveness in the GSS, and genetic causes as described in the vignette were associated with lower perceived effectiveness of treatment. Conclusions: Increasing emphasis on genetic causes of mental illnesses may have multifaceted effects on orientations to professional treatment. Genetic attributions appear to direct people's help seeking toward the most extreme or biological forms of intervention, possibly because people view genetically influenced disorders as more serious and chronic. At the same time, such attributions lead to pessimism that intervention will be effective.