Acidic Food pH Increases Palatability and Consumption and Extends Drosophila Lifespan
Acidic Food pH Increases Palatability and Consumption and Extends Drosophila Lifespan
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DOI：
10.3945/jn.115.222380
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Ja, William W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Deshpande, Sonali A.;Yamada, Ryuichi;Ja, William W.
背景：尽管在营养研究中普遍使用果蝇作为模型，但基本食物特性（如pH值）对动物健康和行为的影响尚不清楚。目的：我们研究了食物pH值对成年果蝇寿命、摄食行为和微生物群组成的影响，并验证了pH值介导的适口性和总摄入量的变化是调节寿命所必需的假设。方法：我们测量了缓冲食物（pH值为5、7或9）对雄性味觉反应（喙延伸）、总食物摄入量以及雄性和雌性寿命的影响。还评估了食物pH值对无菌雄鱼寿命的影响。通过16S核糖体RNA基因测序，确定了食物pH值对果蝇相关微生物组成的影响。在味觉缺陷的痘神经（Poxn）突变体及其转基因拯救对照中，研究人员还测量了雄性的味觉反应、总消耗量以及雄性和雌性的寿命。结果：与食用中性或碱性食物的果蝇相比，酸性食物增加了果蝇的味觉反应（40-230%）和食物摄入量（5-50%），延长了果蝇的生存时间（平均寿命延长10-160%）。与食用酸性食物（50%）或中性食物（130%）的果蝇相比，碱性食物的pH值改变了果蝇相关细菌的组成，在微生物被消灭后，果蝇的寿命延长了260%（中位生存期延长了260%）。然而，与食用中性或碱性食物的果蝇相比，食用酸性食物的无菌果蝇寿命更长（平均寿命长5-20%）。在Poxn突变果蝇中，味觉反应、总消耗量和寿命不受食物pH值的影响。结论：食物pH值直接影响果蝇的适口性和摄食行为，并影响微生物生长等参数，最终影响果蝇的寿命。因此，通过饮食或药物干预改变食物的基本特性可能有助于动物生理、代谢和生存的变化。
Background: Despite the prevalent use of Drosophila as a model in studies of nutrition, the effects of fundamental food properties, such as pH, on animal health and behavior are not well known.Objectives: We examined the effect of food pH on adult Drosophila lifespan, feeding behavior, and microbiota composition and tested the hypothesis that pH-mediated changes in palatability and total consumption are required for modulating longevity.Methods: We measured the effect of buffered food (pH 5, 7, or 9) on male gustatory responses (proboscis extension), total food intake, and male and female lifespan. The effect of food pH on germfree male lifespan was also assessed. Changes in fly-associated microbial composition as a result of food pH were determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Male gustatory responses, total consumption, and male and female longevity were additionally measured in the taste-defective Pox neuro (Poxn) mutant and its transgenic rescue control.Results: An acidic diet increased Drosophila gustatory responses (40-230%) and food intake (5-50%) and extended survival (10-160% longer median lifespan) compared with flies on either neutral or alkaline pH food. Alkaline food pH shifted the composition of fly-associated bacteria and resulted in greater lifespan extension (260% longer median survival) after microbes were eliminated compared with flies on an acidic (50%) or neutral (130%) diet. However, germfree flies lived longer on an acidic diet (5-20% longer median lifespan) compared with those on either neutral or alkaline pH food. Gustatory responses, total consumption, and longevity were unaffected by food pH in Poxn mutant flies.Conclusions: Food pH can directly influence palatability and feeding behavior and affect parameters such as microbial growth to ultimately affect Drosophila lifespan. Fundamental food properties altered by dietary or drug interventions may therefore contribute to changes in animal physiology, metabolism, and survival.