Designing an Observing System to Study the Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) of the Earth in the 2020s.
Designing an Observing System to Study the Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) of the Earth in the 2020s.
复制标题
设计一个观测系统，研究2020年代地球表面生物学和地质学（SBG）。
DOI：
10.1029/2021jg006471
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Schimel, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stavros, E. Natasha;Chrone, Jon;Cawse-Nicholson, Kerry;Freeman, Anthony;Glenn, Nancy F.;Guild, Liane;Kokaly, Raymond;Lee, Christine;Luvall, Jeffrey;Pavlick, Ryan;Poulter, Benjamin;Uz, Stephanie Schollaert;Serbin, Shawn;Thompson, David R.;Townsend, Philip A.;Turpie, Kevin;Yuen, Karen;Thome, Kurt;Wang, Weile;Zareh, Shannon-Kian;Nastal, Jamie;Bearden, David;Miller, Charles E.;Schimel, David
从空间对地球进行观测是科学和社会的重要资源。卫星测量是一项非常大的投资，美国各机构努力使这项投资的回报最大化。美国国家研究理事会对地球科学和应用进行了调查，以确定未来十年的观测优先次序。最近的调查优先考虑了可见光至短波红外成像光谱仪和多光谱热红外成像仪，以满足研究地表生物学和地质学的一系列需求。SBG将成为通过描述植物生命多样性和解析化学和生理特征来观测气候变化新影响的首要综合观测站。它将解决野火的风险，行为和恢复以及对诸如石油泄漏，矿区有毒矿物，有害藻华，山体滑坡和其他地质灾害等危害的反应。SBG团队分析了所需的仪器特性（空间，时间和光谱分辨率，测量不确定性），并评估了不同架构的成本，质量，功率，体积和风险。我们概述了算法的研究和应用贸易研究分析，校准和验证需求，以及社会应用，并在此特殊集合中的其他文章中详细介绍了子研究的细节。我们提供了一个价值框架，从数百个到三个候选架构推荐的发展。分析确定了开展国际合作以提高重访频率的宝贵机会，为所有合作伙伴增加了价值，从而为观测系统结构制定了明确的测量战略。光谱和热观测将提供有关地球表面生物学和地质学的前所未有的信息作为美国宇航局地球系统观测台的一部分，这些观测将改变地球科学和环境管理。
Observations of planet Earth from space are a critical resource for science and society. Satellite measurements represent very large investments and United States (US) agencies organize their effort to maximize the return on that investment. The US National Research Council conducts a survey of Earth science and applications to prioritize observations for the coming decade. The most recent survey prioritized a visible to shortwave infrared imaging spectrometer and a multispectral thermal infrared imager to meet a range of needs for studying Surface Biology and Geology (SBG). SBG will be the premier integrated observatory for observing the emerging impacts of climate change by characterizing the diversity of plant life and resolving chemical and physiological signatures. It will address wildfire risk, behavior, and recovery as well as responses to hazards such as oil spills, toxic minerals in minelands, harmful algal blooms, landslides, and other geological hazards. The SBG team analyzed needed instrument characteristics (spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions, measurement uncertainty) and assessed the cost, mass, power, volume, and risk of different architectures. We present an overview of the Research and Applications trade‐study analysis of algorithms, calibration and validation needs, and societal applications with specifics of substudies detailed in other articles in this special collection. We provide a value framework to converge from hundreds down to three candidate architectures recommended for development. The analysis identified valuable opportunities for international collaboration to increase the revisit frequency, adding value for all partners, leading to a clear measurement strategy for an observing system architecture. Spectroscopic and thermal observations will provide unprecedented information of the Earth’s Surface Biology and Geology As part of the NASA Earth System Observatory, these observations will transform Earth science and environmental management This study informed mission design constraints to provide observations of value for science and decision‐making applications