THE FORMATION OF FLASHBULB MEMORIES
THE FORMATION OF FLASHBULB MEMORIES
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03200860
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发表时间：
1994-05-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
LOGIE, RH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CONWAY, MA;ANDERSON, SJ;LOGIE, RH
一大批受试者参加了一项多国重复测试研究，以调查了解英国首相玛格丽特撒切尔辞职消息的闪光灯（FB）记忆的形成。超过86%的英国受试者被发现在辞职后近1年有FB记忆，他们的记忆报告的特征是自发的、准确的和完整的事件细节回忆，包括细节。相比之下，不到29%的非英国人1年后，受试者拥有FB记忆;该组的记忆报告以遗忘、重建错误和虚构反应为特征。次要变量的因果分析表明，FB记忆的形成主要与重视的事件和情感反应的新闻水平的水平。这些发现为R. Brown and Kulik（1977），他们认为FB记忆可能构成了一类自传体记忆，以某种形式的优先编码区分。
A large group of subjects took part in a multinational test-retest study to investigate the formation of flashbulb (FB) memories for learning the news of the resignation of the British prime minister, Margaret Thatcher. Over 86% of the U.K. subjects were found to have FB memories nearly 1 year after the resignation; their memory reports were characterized by spontaneous, accurate, and full recall of event details, including minutiae. In contrast, less than 29% of the non-U.K. subjects had FB memories 1 year later; memory reports in this group were characterized by forgetting, reconstructive errors, and confabulatory responses. A causal analysis of secondary variables showed that the formation of FB memories was primarily associated with the level of importance attached to the event and level of affective response to the news. These findings lend some support to the study by R. Brown and Kulik (1977), who suggest that FB memories may constitute a class of autobiographical memories distinguished by some form of preferential encoding.