Does cue context matter? Examining the specificity of cue-related activation of positive and negative alcohol expectancies.
Does cue context matter? Examining the specificity of cue-related activation of positive and negative alcohol expectancies.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0033967
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Read,JenniferP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wardell,JeffreyD;Read,JenniferP
与编码特异性原则一致，积极的酒精预期可能会被饮酒环境中的线索激活，因为它们与记忆中的这些线索比消极预期更密切相关。然而，很少有研究探讨线索诱导的酒精预期激活的特异性。本研究探讨了积极和消极预期在积极和消极线索情境下的相对激活。我们还研究了这些影响是否对更重和更有问题的饮酒者更强。大学生饮酒者被随机分配听描述积极或消极饮酒场景的小插曲（线索暴露）。参与者还完成了酒精预期激活（改良Stroop任务）的暗示措施之前和之后的线索曝光，以及自我报告的措施，酒精使用和酒精相关的问题。我们发现，酒精相关的问题缓和的影响，线索条件的预期激活，这样的具体激活积极相对于消极的预期，积极的线索，观察只有饮酒者与较高水平的酒精问题。在激活积极与消极的期望没有差异，观察更多的问题饮酒者在消极的线索条件或较少的问题饮酒者在任何线索条件。结果是部分符合编码特异性原则，表明积极的上下文线索可以选择性地激活积极的酒精预期更多的问题饮酒者。研究结果可能会影响干预措施，目标自动预期过程，在特定的背景下，针对特定的期望表明潜在的效用。
Consistent with the Encoding Specificity principle, positive alcohol expectancies may be activated by cues in drinking contexts because they are more closely associated with these cues in memory than are negative expectancies. However, there is little research examining the specificity of cue-induced alcohol expectancy activation. This study investigated the relative activation of positive and negative expectancies in response to positive and negative cue contexts. We also examined whether these effects were stronger for heavier and more problematic drinkers. College student drinkers were randomly assigned to listen to vignettes describing either positive or negative drinking scenarios (cue exposure). Participants also completed an implicit measure of alcohol expectancy activation (modified Stroop task) both before and after the cue exposure, as well as self-report measures of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. We found that alcohol-related problems moderated the effects of cue condition on expectancy activation, such that specific activation of positive relative to negative expectancies in response to positive cues was observed only for drinkers with higher levels of alcohol problems. No differences in activation of positive versus negative expectancies were observed for more problematic drinkers in the negative cue condition or for less problematic drinkers in either cue condition. The results are partially consistent with the Encoding Specificity principle, showing that positive contextual cues can selectively activate positive alcohol expectancies for more problematic drinkers. Findings may have implications for interventions that target automatic expectancy processes, suggesting potential utility in targeting specific expectancies in specific contexts.