Tectonic blocks and molecular clocks.
Tectonic blocks and molecular clocks.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2016.0098
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发表时间：
2016-07-19
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Donoghue PC
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文献类型：
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作者：
De Baets K;Antonelli A;Donoghue PC
进化时间尺度主要使用化石来校准分子钟，尽管化石实际上只提供了最小进化枝年龄限制。取而代之的是，系统发育树可以通过精确确定日期的地质事件来校准，这些地质事件塑造了生物地理学。然而，构造事件是旷日持久的，它们在变化中的作用很少被证明是合理的，现存进化枝的生物地理学及其祖先可能会有所不同，并且此类事件的影响取决于生态学。生物地理校准并不是解决化石校准缺点的灵丹妙药，但可以适应其相关的不确定性。我们提供了一些示例，说明如何根据地质数据对盘古大陆的破碎进行生物地理校准：(i) 巴拿马地峡的隆起，(ii) 新西兰与冈瓦纳大陆的分离，以及 (iii) 大西洋的开口。生物地理和化石校准是限制分子钟分析的补充而非竞争方法，为进化枝年龄提供了替代约束，这对于在研究生物地理机制在塑造现代生物多样性中的作用时避免循环至关重要。本文是“利用岩石和时钟测定物种分歧”主题的一部分。
Evolutionary timescales have mainly used fossils for calibrating molecular clocks, though fossils only really provide minimum clade age constraints. In their place, phylogenetic trees can be calibrated by precisely dated geological events that have shaped biogeography. However, tectonic episodes are protracted, their role in vicariance is rarely justified, the biogeography of living clades and their antecedents may differ, and the impact of such events is contingent on ecology. Biogeographic calibrations are no panacea for the shortcomings of fossil calibrations, but their associated uncertainties can be accommodated. We provide examples of how biogeographic calibrations based on geological data can be established for the fragmentation of the Pangaean supercontinent: (i) for the uplift of the Isthmus of Panama, (ii) the separation of New Zealand from Gondwana, and (iii) for the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Biogeographic and fossil calibrations are complementary, not competing, approaches to constraining molecular clock analyses, providing alternative constraints on the age of clades that are vital to avoiding circularity in investigating the role of biogeographic mechanisms in shaping modern biodiversity. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Dating species divergences using rocks and clocks’.