Tales of island tails: biogeomorphic development and management of barrier islands
Tales of island tails: biogeomorphic development and management of barrier islands
复制标题
岛屿尾巴的故事：障壁岛的生物地貌开发与管理
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Bregje K. van Wesenbeeck
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. V. de Groot;A. Oost;R. Veeneklaas;E. Lammerts;W. E. van Duin;Bregje K. van Wesenbeeck
弗里斯兰群岛（北海南部）有广阔的岛尾，即岛屿的整个下流一侧，由盐沼、沙丘、海滩和海滩平原以及绿色海滩组成。目前，这些尾巴的大部分正在老化并失去动力，部分原因是人类的影响。从长远来看，这可能意味着年轻舞台的丧失，而目前的管理层不足以抵消这一点。为了帮助开发旨在（重新）引入自然动力的新干预措施，根据现有数据、实地考察和文献，开发了自然和干扰条件下岛尾开发的概念模型。岛尾的发育遵循生物地貌演替的一般模式。第一阶段包括一片光秃秃的海滩平原。在第二阶段，沙丘雏形形成。在第三阶段，绿色海滩、沙丘和盐沼形成，包括小溪排水和冲刷。第四阶段，植被演替继续，形态稳定。人类干扰（例如沙堤和堤坝）减少了自然动力并增加了演替速度，导致地貌和植被类型多样性减少。无论是自然岛尾还是人为影响的岛尾，演替过程都是主导过程，只有当大规模过程导致侵蚀或沉积时，大规模恢复才会自发发生。由于生物地貌演替占主导地位，通过管理干预重新引入自然动力无法将岛尾永久保留在年轻的演替阶段。然而，根据具体情况，此类干预措施可能会导致局部和暂时的恢复活力。
The Frisian islands (Southern North Sea) have extensive island tails, i.e. the entire downdrift side of an island consisting of salt marshes, dunes, beaches and beach plains, and green beaches. Currently, large parts of these tails are ageing and losing dynamics, partly due to human influence. This may mean a loss of young stages on the long term, and current management is not enough to counteract this. To aid the development of new interventions aiming at (re)introducing natural dynamics, a conceptual model of island-tail development under natural and disturbed conditions was developed, based on existing data, field visits and literature. The development of an island tail follows the general pattern of biogeomorphic succession. The first phase consists of a bare beach plain. In the second phase, embryonic dunes form. In the third phase, green beaches, dunes and salt marshes form, including drainage by creeks and washovers. In the fourth phase, vegetation succession continues and the morphology stabilises. Human interference (such as sand dikes and embankments) reduces natural dynamics and increases succession speed, leading to a reduction in the diversity in landforms and vegetation types. Both for natural and human-influenced island tails, succession is the dominant process and large-scale rejuvenation only occurs spontaneously when large-scale processes cause erosion or sedimentation. Island tails cannot be kept permanently in a young successional stage by reintroducing natural dynamics through management interventions, as biogeomorphic succession is dominant. However, such interventions may result in local and temporal rejuvenation when tailored to the specific situation.