Radiocarbon dating casts doubt on the late chronology of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in southern Iberia
Radiocarbon dating casts doubt on the late chronology of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in southern Iberia
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放射性碳测年对伊比利亚南部旧石器时代中晚期过渡的晚期年代产生了怀疑
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
T. Higham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Wood;C. Barroso;M. Caparrós;J. F. Jordá Pardo;Bertila Galván Santos;T. Higham
人们普遍认为，尼安德特人化石和莫斯特人工业的一些最新年代是在伊比利亚的埃布罗山谷以南发现的，大约在公元前2000年。36 ka calBP（校准的放射性碳年代范围）。相反，在山谷的北部，Mousterian在原始Aurignacian出现之前不久就消失了。42 ka calBP。后者最有可能是由解剖学上的现代人类产生的。然而，三分之二来自南方的日期是放射性碳日期，这是一种对较年轻的碳污染物特别敏感的技术，这些污染物很难使用常规的预处理方案去除。我们试图测试11个南部伊比利亚中期和早期旧石器时代晚期遗址年表的可靠性。只有两个，Jarama VI和Zafarraya，被发现含有可以可靠地确定年代的材料。在这两个网站，旧石器时代中期的背景下，以前的放射性碳测年不到42万年calBP。使用超滤纯化动物骨胶原放射性碳测年前，我们得到的年龄至少10 ka 14C岁以上，接近或超过的放射性碳方法的限制Mousterian在Jarama VI和尼安德特人化石在Zafarraya。除非使用严格的预处理方案，否则在证明该地区的情况并非如此之前，应假定放射性碳年代测定是不准确的。尼安德特人在伊比利亚南部生存时间较晚的证据仅限于一个可能的地点，即Cueva Antón，应该考虑人类占领该地区的其他模式。
It is commonly accepted that some of the latest dates for Neanderthal fossils and Mousterian industries are found south of the Ebro valley in Iberia at ca. 36 ka calBP (calibrated radiocarbon date ranges). In contrast, to the north of the valley the Mousterian disappears shortly before the Proto-Aurignacian appears at ca. 42 ka calBP. The latter is most likely produced by anatomically modern humans. However, two-thirds of dates from the south are radiocarbon dates, a technique that is particularly sensitive to carbon contaminants of a younger age that can be difficult to remove using routine pretreatment protocols. We have attempted to test the reliability of chronologies of 11 southern Iberian Middle and early Upper Paleolithic sites. Only two, Jarama VI and Zafarraya, were found to contain material that could be reliably dated. In both sites, Middle Paleolithic contexts were previously dated by radiocarbon to less than 42 ka calBP. Using ultrafiltration to purify faunal bone collagen before radiocarbon dating, we obtain ages at least 10 ka 14C years older, close to or beyond the limit of the radiocarbon method for the Mousterian at Jarama VI and Neanderthal fossils at Zafarraya. Unless rigorous pretreatment protocols have been used, radiocarbon dates should be assumed to be inaccurate until proven otherwise in this region. Evidence for the late survival of Neanderthals in southern Iberia is limited to one possible site, Cueva Antón, and alternative models of human occupation of the region should be considered.