Hearing Faces: How the Infant Brain Matches the Face It Sees with the Speech It Hears
Hearing Faces: How the Infant Brain Matches the Face It Sees with the Speech It Hears
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DOI：
10.1162/jocn.2009.21076
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发表时间：
2009-05-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Mangin, Jean-Francois
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bristow, Davina;Dehaene-Lambertz, Ghislaine;Mangin, Jean-Francois
语音不是一个纯粹的听觉信号。从大约2个月大开始，婴儿就能够正确地将他们听到的元音与适当的发音相匹配。然而，直到4个月大之前，最早没有综合视听感知的行为证据，此时可以通过听觉刺激和面部线索的融合（麦格克效应）来创建错觉感知。为了了解婴儿最初是如何将他们看到的发音动作与他们听到的声音相匹配的，我们记录了10周大的婴儿对听觉元音的高密度ERP，这些元音跟随着一个一致或不一致的无声发音的脸。在第一个实验中，我们确定，大脑视觉整合发生在感知的早期阶段，在成年人。不匹配的反应是相似的时间和地形是否前面的元音视觉或听觉。在第二个实验中，我们研究了视听整合的语言（元音感知）和非语言（性别感知）域。我们观察到两种类型的变化在相似的时间的不匹配响应。它们的拓扑结构显着不同，表明这些功能的跨模态集成是由两个不同的网络并行计算的。事实上，大脑源模型显示，音素和性别计算分别偏向左半球和右半球，这表明每个半球都有早期处理偏见。我们还观察到重复抑制颞区和重复增强额区。这些结果强调了人类大脑皮层组织的复杂性和结构性，它从生命的第一周开始就维持着沟通。
Speech is not a purely auditory signal. From around 2 months of age, infants are able to correctly match the vowel they hear with the appropriate articulating face. However, there is no behavioral evidence of integrated audiovisual perception until 4 months of age, at the earliest, when an illusory percept can be created by the fusion of the auditory stimulus and of the facial cues (McGurk effect). To understand how infants initially match the articulatory movements they see with the sounds they hear, we recorded high-density ERPs in response to auditory vowels that followed a congruent or incongruent silently articulating face in 10-week-old infants. In a first experiment, we determined that auditory-visual integration occurs during the early stages of perception as in adults. The mismatch response was similar in timing and in topography whether the preceding vowels were presented visually or aurally. In the second experiment, we studied audiovisual integration in the linguistic (vowel perception) and nonlinguistic (gender perception) domain. We observed a mismatch response for both types of change at similar latencies. Their topographies were significantly different demonstrating that cross-modal integration of these features is computed in parallel by two different networks. Indeed, brain source modeling revealed that phoneme and gender computations were lateralized toward the left and toward the right hemisphere, respectively, suggesting that each hemisphere possesses an early processing bias. We also observed repetition suppression in temporal regions and repetition enhancement in frontal regions. These results underscore how complex and structured is the human cortical organization which sustains communication from the first weeks of life on.