Protecting young women from HIV/AIDS: The case against child and adolescent marriage
Protecting young women from HIV/AIDS: The case against child and adolescent marriage
复制标题
DOI：
10.1363/3207906
复制
发表时间：
2006-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dude, Annie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark, Shelley;Bruce, Judith;Dude, Annie
上下文在大多数发展中国家，大多数性行为活跃的少女已婚。尽管已婚青少年经常被认为是HIV感染的低风险人群，但对这些青少年所面临的实际HIV感染风险以及如何降低这些风险却知之甚少。方法：采用来自非洲和拉丁美洲29个国家的人口与健康调查数据，对可能增加15- 79岁已婚妇女HIV感染风险的因素频率进行研究。一些行为和社会因素可能会增加已婚少女感染艾滋病毒的脆弱性。首先，这些年轻女性经常进行无保护措施的性行为：在大多数国家，在前一周进行无保护措施性行为的青少年中，80%以上是已婚的。第二，早婚的妇女往往有比她们大得多的丈夫（平均年龄差5-14岁），在一夫多妻制社会中，她们往往是年轻的妻子，这些因素可能增加她们的丈夫感染的可能性，削弱她们在婚姻中的讨价还价能力。第三，已婚青少年获得有关艾滋病毒的教育和媒体信息的机会相对较少。最后，最常见的艾滋病预防策略（禁欲，使用避孕套）是不现实的选择，许多已婚夫妇。需要针对每个国家妇女的性和行为特征制定新的政策和干预措施，以解决未成年妻子的脆弱性问题。在一些国家，推迟结婚年龄可能是一项重要战略;在另一些国家，使婚内性交更安全可能更有价值。
CONTEXT. Inmost developing countries, the majority of sexually active female adolescents are married. Although married adolescents ore often assumed to beat low risk for HIV infection, little is known about the actual HIV-risks these adolescents face or about ways to minimize these risks.METHODS: Demographic and Health Survey data from 29 countries in Africa and Latin America were used to examine the frequency of factors that may increase HIV-risk in married women aged 15-79.RESULTS: Several behavioral and social factors may increase the vulnerability of married female adolescents to HIV-infection. First, these young women engage in frequent unprotected sex: In most countries, more than 80% of adolescents who had had unprotected sex during the previous week were married. Second, women who marry young tend to have much older husbands (mean age difference, 5-14 years) and, in polygamous societies, are frequently junior wives, factors that may increase the probability that their husbands are infected and weaken their bargaining power within the marriage. Third, married adolescents have relatively little access to educational and media sources of information about HIV. Finally, the most common AIDS prevention strategies (abstinence, condom use) are not realistic options for many married adolescents.CONCLUSION. New policies and interventions, tailored to the sexual and behavioral profiles of women in each country, are needed to address the vulnerabilities of adolescent wives. In some countries, delaying age at marriage may be an important strategy; in others, making intercourse within marriage safer may be more valuable.