Education plays a greater role than age in cognitive test performance among participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).
Education plays a greater role than age in cognitive test performance among participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).
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在巴西成人健康纵向研究（Elsa-Brasil）的参与者中，教育在认知测试表现中起着更大的作用。
DOI：
10.1186/s12883-015-0454-6
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发表时间：
2015-10-09
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Barreto SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Azeredo Passos VM;Giatti L;Bensenor I;Tiemeier H;Ikram MA;de Figueiredo RC;Chor D;Schmidt MI;Barreto SM
巴西经历了人口、流行病学和营养方面的快速转变，尽管最近财富分配有所改善，但仍然存在高度的社会和经济不平等。ELSA-Brasil是一项旨在调查心血管疾病和糖尿病的队列研究，通过从同一组测试中提取的时间序列分析，为评估老龄化人口的认知能力下降提供了一个很好的机会。本研究的目的是分析性别、年龄和教育程度对参与者基线认知测试成绩的影响。分析涉及14594名参与者，年龄在35至74岁之间，他们功能独立，没有中风史，也没有使用神经抑制剂、抗惊厥药、胆碱酯酶抑制剂或抗帕金森药物。平均年龄为52.0±9.0岁，女性占54.2%。认知测试包括单词记忆测试（保留，回忆和识别），语言流畅性测试（VFT，动物和字母F）和Trail Making Test b。采用多变量线性回归分析确定社会人口学特征对每个测试最终分数分布的影响。在所有的记忆测试和VFT中，女性的得分明显比男性略高，但在测试b中花费的时间更多，所有测试的成绩都随着年龄的增长而下降，更重要的是，随着受教育程度的降低。单词列表和VFT得分每10岁下降约一个单词；而与受教育程度较低的参与者相比，受教育程度较高的参与者在单词列表测试中多得分4个单词，在VFT测试中多得分6到7个正确单词。此外，年龄最大和受教育程度较低的参与者在所有测试中的反应率都明显较低。在巴西人口中，受教育程度比年龄的影响更大，因此在根据传统的认知测试分析和诊断认知障碍时更加需要谨慎，寻找不受教育的认知测试的重要性，特别是在低收入和中等收入国家。
Brazil has gone through fast demographic, epidemiologic and nutritional transitions and, despite recent improvements in wealth distribution, continues to present a high level of social and economic inequality. The ELSA–Brasil, a cohort study, aimed at investigating cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, offers a great opportunity to assess cognitive decline in this aging population through time-sequential analyses drawn from the same battery of tests over time. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of sex, age and education on cognitive tests performance of the participants at baseline. Analyses pertain to 14,594 participants with aged 35 to 74 years, who were functionally independent and had no history of stroke or use of neuroleptics, anticonvulsants, cholinesterase inhibitors or antiparkinsonian agents. Mean age was 52.0 ± 9.0 years and 54.2 % of participants were women. Cognitive tests included the word memory tests (retention, recall and recognition), verbal fluency tests (VFT, animals and letter F) and Trail Making Test B. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on the distribution of the final score of each test. Women had significant and slightly higher scores than men in all memory tests and VFT, but took more time to perform Trail B. Reduced performance in all tests was seen with an increase age and, more importantly, with decrease level of education. The word list and VFT scores decreased at about one word for every 10 years of age; whereas higher-educated participants scored four words more on the word list test, and six or seven more correct words on VFT, when compared to lower-educated participants. Additionally, the oldest and less educated participants showed significant lower response rates in all tests. The higher influence of education than age in this Brazilian population reinforce the need for caution in analyzing and diagnosing cognitive impairments based on traditional cognitive tests and the importance of searching for education-free cognitive tests, especially in low and middle-income countries.