Aerial photography at the Agricultural Adjustment Administration: Acreage controls, conservation benefits, and overhead surveillance in the 1930s
Aerial photography at the Agricultural Adjustment Administration: Acreage controls, conservation benefits, and overhead surveillance in the 1930s
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农业调整管理局的航空摄影：20 世纪 30 年代的面积控制、保护效益和空中监视
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
M. Monmonier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Monmonier
航空摄影在新政中提高农业收入的努力中发挥了重要但鲜为人知的作用。农业调整局（AAA）成立于1933年，在国会于1938年通过一项联合战略之前，它通过生产控制（1934年至1935年）和保护计划（1936年至1937年）促进了农业部长亨利·华莱士的“永远正常的粮仓”。为了管理这些项目并确保其绩效，美国汽车协会建立了一个由州、县和地方委员会组成的创新等级制度。1935年和1936年的实验表明，航空摄影提供了具有成本效益和足够精确的测量，并导致了扩大摄影覆盖范围的一致努力。1937年，36个摄影小组飞行了375,000平方英里（970,000平方公里），到1941年底，AAA官员已经覆盖了该国90%以上的农业用地。农业部的航空摄影项目最初的目标是促进守法，但现在已成为保护和土地规划的工具，以及公平和准确测量的工具。地方政府和人们普遍认为的增加农业收入的需要，促使公众接受了一项可能具有侵入性的头顶监视计划。
Aerial photography played an important but largely unsung role in New Deal efforts to improve farm income. Established in 1933, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) promoted agriculture secretary Henry Wallace's "ever-normal granary" with production controls (1 934-1 935) and conservation programs (1936-1937) before Congress adopted a combined strategy in 1938. To administer these programs and ensure performance, the AAA set up an innovative hierarchy of state, county, and local committees. Experiments in 1935 and 1936 demonstrated that aerial photography provided costeffective, adequately precise measurements and led to a concerted effort to extend photographic coverage. In 1937, 36 photographic crews flew 375,000 square miles (970,000 square km), and by late 1941 AAA officials had acquired coverage of more than 90 percent of the country's agricultural land. From its initial goal of promoting compliance, the Agriculture Department's aerial photography program became a tool for conservation and land planning as well as an instrument of fair and accurate measurement. Local administration and a widely perceived need to increase farm income fostered public acceptance of a potentially intrusive program of overhead surveillance.