Modeling and observation of mid-infrared nonlocality in effective epsilon-near-zero ultranarrow coaxial apertures
Modeling and observation of mid-infrared nonlocality in effective epsilon-near-zero ultranarrow coaxial apertures
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-019-12038-3
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发表时间：
2019-10
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Daehan Yoo;F. Vidal-Codina;C. Ciracì;N. Nguyen;David R. Smith;J. Peraire;Sang‐Hyun Oh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daehan Yoo;F. Vidal-Codina;C. Ciracì;N. Nguyen;David R. Smith;J. Peraire;Sang‐Hyun Oh
随着纳米制造技术的进步，已经实现了临界禁带尺寸仅为1-2 nm的极端规模的纳米光子器件。这种超空隙中的等离子体激元可以表现出非局域响应，这限制了场的增强，并导致光学性质偏离局域描述。利用原子层光刻技术，我们制作了间隙小到1 nm的中红外共振同轴孔，并观察到了强烈的非局域性证据，包括光谱漂移和近零模截止透过率的提高。实验得到了用杂交间断Galerkin方法进行的全波三维非局域模拟的支持。这种数值方法捕获了电磁场在原子尺度上的变化，同时有效地处理了极端尺度的尺寸失配。将基于原子层的制造技术与快速准确的数值模拟相结合，为设计和制造高效的大面积中红外传感器、天线和亚表面提供了实用的途径。
With advances in nanofabrication techniques, extreme-scale nanophotonic devices with critical gap dimensions of just 1–2 nm have been realized. Plasmons in such ultranarrow gaps can exhibit nonlocal response, which was previously shown to limit the field enhancement and cause optical properties to deviate from the local description. Using atomic layer lithography, we create mid-infrared-resonant coaxial apertures with gap sizes as small as 1 nm and observe strong evidence of nonlocality, including spectral shifts and boosted transmittance of the cutoff epsilon-near-zero mode. Experiments are supported by full-wave 3-D nonlocal simulations performed with the hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method. This numerical method captures atomic-scale variations of the electromagnetic fields while efficiently handling extreme-scale size mismatch. Combining atomic-layer-based fabrication techniques with fast and accurate numerical simulations provides practical routes to design and fabricate highly-efficient large-area mid-infrared sensors, antennas, and metasurfaces.