Reactive astrocytes and therapeutic potential in focal ischemic stroke.
Reactive astrocytes and therapeutic potential in focal ischemic stroke.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nbd.2015.05.003
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Ding S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Choudhury GR;Ding S
星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中数量最多的特化细胞。它们在大脑的生理学中起着重要的作用。星形胶质细胞还与许多CNS疾病密切相关，包括局灶性缺血性中风，这是患者脑损伤和死亡的主要原因。局部缺血性卒中的一个突出病理特征是反应性星形胶质细胞增生和胶质瘢痕形成。反应性星形胶质细胞增生伴随着反应性星形胶质细胞的形态、增殖和基因表达的改变。本研究提供了一个概述的最新进展，星形胶质细胞的钙信号，空间和时间动态的形态和增殖的反应性星形胶质细胞，以及信号通路参与缺血性中风后的反应性星形胶质细胞增生的基础上进行的实验研究结果在各种动物模型。本文还讨论了反应性星形胶质细胞在局灶性缺血性卒中中的治疗潜力。由于反应性星形胶质细胞表现出高度的可塑性，我们认为，调制局部反应性星形胶质细胞是一个有前途的战略，以细胞为基础的中风治疗。
Astrocytes are specialized and the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system (CNS). They play important roles in the physiology of the brain. Astrocytes are also critically involved in many CNS disorders including focal ischemic stroke, the leading cause of brain injury and death in patients. One of the prominent pathological features of a focal ischemic stroke is reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation. Reactive astrogliosis is accompanied with changes in morphology, proliferation and gene expression in the reactive astrocytes. This study provides an overview of the most recent advances in astrocytic Ca2+ signaling, spatial and temporal dynamics of the morphology and proliferation of reactive astrocytes as well as signaling pathways involved in the reactive astrogliosis after ischemic stroke based on results from experimental studies performed in various animal models. This review also discusses the therapeutic potential of reactive astrocytes in a focal ischemic stroke. As reactive astrocytes exhibit high plasticity, we suggest that modulation of local reactive astrocytes is a promising strategy for cell-based stroke therapy.