rRNA and rDNA based assessment of sea ice protist biodiversity from the central Arctic Ocean
rRNA and rDNA based assessment of sea ice protist biodiversity from the central Arctic Ocean
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DOI：
10.1080/09670262.2015.1077395
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Anique Stecher;S. Neuhaus;B. Lange;S. Frickenhaus;B. Beszteri;P. Kroth;K. Valentin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anique Stecher;S. Neuhaus;B. Lange;S. Frickenhaus;B. Beszteri;P. Kroth;K. Valentin
摘要 海冰是一个庞大而多样化的生态系统，对冰雪覆盖地区的初级生产做出了重大贡献。在北冰洋，海冰由混合多年冰（MYI）（通常厚数米）和较薄的一年冰（FYI）组成。目前全球变暖在北极地区最为严重；因此，夏季海冰覆盖面积正在减少，MYI 正在以惊人的速度消失。尽管表面上充满敌意，但海冰上栖息着由细菌和原生生物组成的多样化微生物群落，其中许多是进行光合作用的。在这里，我们使用 18S rRNA 和 rDNA 扩增子的高通量 454 测序对北冰洋中部 MYI 和 FYI 中的真核生物多样性进行了评估。我们将基于 rDNA 的“总”生物多样性与来自 rRNA 扩增子的“活跃”生物多样性进行了比较，发现了它们之间的差异，包括群落活跃部分中纤毛目、Bicosoecida 和 Bacillariophyceae 操作分类单位 (OTU) 的过度代表性。两个文库之间的差异在较低的分类水平上更为明显：某些属，例如 Melosira，在 rRNA 文库中更丰富，表明这些属的活性。此外，我们发现，一个供参考的站点显示出潜在食草动物的活动较高，这可能是由于与其他站点相比，冰温较高且冰层多孔，从而导致融化的晚期阶段。
Abstract Sea ice is a large and diverse ecosystem contributing significantly to primary production in ice-covered regions. In the Arctic Ocean, sea ice consists of mixed multi-year ice (MYI), often several metres thick, and thinner first-year ice (FYI). Current global warming is most severe in Arctic regions; as a consequence, summer sea ice cover is decreasing and MYI is disappearing at an alarming rate. Despite its apparent hostility, sea ice is inhabited by a diverse microbial community of bacteria and protists, many of which are photosynthetic. Here we present an assessment of eukaryotic biodiversity in MYI and FYI from the central Arctic Ocean using high-throughput 454 sequencing of 18S rRNA and rDNA amplicons. We compared the rDNA-based ‘total’ biodiversity with the ‘active’ biodiversity from rRNA amplicons and found differences between them including an over-representation of Ciliophora, Bicosoecida and Bacillariophyceae operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the active part of the community. Differences between the two libraries are more pronounced at the lower taxonomic level: certain genera, such as Melosira, are more abundant in the rRNA library, indicating activity of these genera. Furthermore, we found that one FYI station showed a higher activity of potential grazers which was probably due to the advanced stage of melt evident by higher ice temperatures and highly porous ice compared with the other stations.